“This Book Is Your Book”: Jesuit Editorial Policy and Individual Indigenous Reading in Eighteenth-Century Paraguay

Ethnohistory ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-267
Author(s):  
Capucine Boidin ◽  
Leonardo Cerno ◽  
Fabián R. Vega
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Editorial Policy ◽  
Personal Transformation ◽  
Spiritual Exercises ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Jesuit Missions ◽  
Individual Reading ◽  
Modern Sense

Abstract The authors underline the importance of the print Ara poru aguĭyey haba (meaning about the good use of time) for the Jesuit missions of Paraguay and the colonial Río de la Plata. Attributed to Father José Insaurralde, it is a two-volume devotional text entirely written in Guaraní that was published in Madrid in 1759 and 1760. Until now, literature has only approached the Ara poru in a superficial and external way, because it is written in a different way from the current ones. The unpublished translation of the summary and two preliminary warnings to readers reveal that it follows the structure of Ignacio de Loyola’s Spiritual Exercises. The authors of this article demonstrate that by the mid-eighteenth century, the Jesuit project was to produce an indigenous reader and devotee in the modern sense (individual reading and personal transformation).

Disorder, Wild Cattle, and a New Role for the Missions: The Banda Oriental, 1776–1786

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (04) ◽  
pp. 517-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Sarreal
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Transatlantic Trade ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Material Goods

Upon assuming office in 1784, Viceroy Nicolás del Campo, Marqués de Loreto, observed that ruin threatened the Guaraní missions in the viceroyalty of Río de la Plata. Scholars concur that after the Jesuit expulsion in 1768, the missions fell into disrepair and lost their important role in regional affairs. This change marked a significant shift. Until the late eighteenth century, the Guaraní missions attracted the largest indigenous population of all of Spain's Catholic missions and served an important economic and political role in the Río de la Plata region. During the last third of the century, the Guaraní missions declined as a result of Crown reforms that spurred transatlantic trade and reshaped the missions. Expenses far surpassed revenues, buildings and infrastructure deteriorated, distributions of material goods to the Indians decreased, and fewer Guaraní inhabited the missions.

Organizing Sovereign Provinces in Independent America: The Republic of Córdoba, 1776–1827

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (02) ◽  
pp. 223-253
Author(s):  
Geneviève Verdo
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
La Plata ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Institutional Construction ◽  
The Revolution

Abstract This article considers the different political forms that emerged after the former viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (which would eventually become Argentina) became independent. Based on the case of the Republic of Córdoba in the 1820s, it analyzes the territorial and institutional construction of an original political entity, the sovereign province. At the end of the eighteenth century, the reforms put in place under the Spanish Monarchy reinforced and politicized the territorial bodies that made up its empire, a process that continued after the revolution of independence. This created a tension between the sovereignty of these territorial bodies and the sovereignty of the “nation,” which operated according to different territorial constructions and brought different conceptions of sovereignty into play. While the Republic of Córdoba consolidated its internal sovereignty, it was also working toward integration into a larger political entity, envisaged as a confederation.

scholarly journals El escándalo de las quiebras en la Real Hacienda: las Cajas Reales de Oruro y Carangas, 1784-1804

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 161-183
Author(s):  
María Concepción Gavira Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Multiple Failures ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Mining Centers ◽  
Bourbon Reforms ◽  
Del Rio

The aim of this research paper is to critically analyze the effectiveness of the Bourbon Reforms in the Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata. In 1802 the chaotic situation and multiple failures of the Royal Treasury led the Crown to send a visitor to the Viceroyalty. It had been denounced as scandalous the  bankruptcies that took place in much of the Charcas’ Cajas Reales: La Paz, Oruro, Carangas. This work deals with bankruptcies  occurred in the two Cajas located in the mining centers of Oruro and Carangas during the last two decades of the Eighteenth-century, a period associated with the Bourbon reforms and its success in the taxation of the American colonies.El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es analizar críticamente la eficacia de las Reformas Borbónicas en el Virreinato del Río de la Plata. La situación de caos y múltiples quiebras en las instituciones de la Real Hacienda propició que en 1802 la Corona decidiera enviar un visitador al Virreinato, pues se habían denunciado como escandalosas las quiebras en gran parte de las Cajas Reales charqueñas: La Paz, Oruro, Carangas. El trabajo que presentamos aborda la quiebra que se produjo en las dos Cajas ubicadas en los centros mineros de Oruro y Carangas durante las dos últimas décadas del siglo XVIII, periodo vinculado a la reformas borbónicas y su éxito en la fiscalización de las colonias americanas.

Disorder, Wild Cattle, and a New Role for the Missions: The Banda Oriental, 1776–1786

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Sarreal
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Transatlantic Trade ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Material Goods

Upon assuming office in 1784, Viceroy Nicolás del Campo, Marqués de Loreto, observed that ruin threatened the Guaraní missions in the viceroyalty of Río de la Plata. Scholars concur that after the Jesuit expulsion in 1768, the missions fell into disrepair and lost their important role in regional affairs. This change marked a significant shift. Until the late eighteenth century, the Guaraní missions attracted the largest indigenous population of all of Spain's Catholic missions and served an important economic and political role in the Río de la Plata region. During the last third of the century, the Guaraní missions declined as a result of Crown reforms that spurred transatlantic trade and reshaped the missions. Expenses far surpassed revenues, buildings and infrastructure deteriorated, distributions of material goods to the Indians decreased, and fewer Guaraní inhabited the missions.

“Names which he loved, and things well worthy to be known”: Eighteenth-Century Jesuit Natural Histories ofParaquariaand Río de la Plata

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-72
Author(s):  
Miguel de Asúa
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Nature Writing ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
Rio De La Plata ◽  
Science And Literature ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
National Tradition ◽  
Natural Histories

ArgumentThe eighteenth-century natural histories ofParaquaria, a Jesuit province in South America ranging from the tropical forest to Río de la Plata (the River Plate), constitute a rich and consistent tradition of nature writing. The way the material is organized, the frequent use of lists of aboriginal names, and the focus on naming, all attest to the missionaries' preoccupation with language, understandable given that they were engaged in writing dictionaries and thesauri of the native tongues. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, this body of work went through a series of appropriations, reflecting the various intellectual programs that contributed to the making of the national tradition in Argentina. While these natural histories are still often interpreted in terms of Argentina's national history, science, and literature, I will argue that they should be considered a product of a mixed culture oriented toward the practical and religious goals that are characteristic of most of Jesuit missionary culture, the result of the missionaries' attempt at organizing their experience of the wilderness and their encounter with the aboriginal peoples.

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