Practical Teaching System Reform for the Cultivation of Applied Undergraduates in Local Colleges

Practical teaching is an important teaching link in safety engineering. It plays an irreplaceable role in cultivating innovative spirit and practical ability. At present, there is a series of problems in practical teaching of safety engineering in China, such as the incomplete practical teaching system, the substandard teaching organization, and the lack of funds. Drawing on the best practice of Anhui University of Science & Technology (AUST), this paper puts forward a basket of measures to cultivate the practical and innovative abilities of students in safety engineering. The specific measures include developing “peak” disciplines, fusing multi-discipline theories, setting up school-enterprise cooperation platforms, deepening second-classroom education, and promoting institutional construction. Our measures help local colleges to train advanced safety engineering talents with practical and innovative abilities.

Recatolizar a Nação: Intelectuais Católicos na Comissão Nacional do Livro Didático (1938-1969)

Recatolizar a Nação: Intelectuais Católicos na Comissão Nacional do Livro Didático (1938-1969) Resumo: Este artigo analisa a presença de intelectuais católicos entre os membros da Comissão Nacional do Livro Didático (CNLD) como indício da relação de poder entre a Igreja Católica e o governo. Tal posição estratégica permite examinar, estimular, indicar e promover os livros didáticos na formação da nação, como aproximar a cultura católica dos princípios nacionalistas. Na primeira parte, apresentam-se sinais do movimento Reação Católica em torno do projeto de recatolizar a nação; na segunda, mostra-se a importância da CNLD entre os aparatos estatais em consonância com o projeto da construção institucional do governo; e, por fim, na terceira parte, indica-se a posição estratégica de intelectuais católicos na CNLD. Palavras-chave: História da educação. Intelectuais católicos. Livro didático. Reação católica. Recatolizing the Nation: Intellectual Catholics in the National Commission of the Didactic Book (1938-1969) Abstract: This article analyzes the presence of Catholic intellectuals among the members of the National Textbook Commission (CNLD) as an indication of the power relationship between the Catholic Church and the government. Such a strategic position allows us to examine, stimulate, indicate and promote didactic books in the formation of the nation, how to bring Catholic culture closer to nationalist principles. In the first part, there are signs of the Catholic Reaction movement around the project to re-nation the nation; the second shows the importance of the CNLD among state apparatus in line with the government's institutional construction project; and, finally, in the third part, the strategic position of Catholic intellectuals in the CNLD is indicated. Keywords: History of education. Catholic intellectuals. Textbook. Catholic reaction. Recatolizar la Nación: Intelectuales Católicos en la Comisión Nacional del libro Didáctico (1938-1969) Resumen: Este artículo analiza la presencia de intelectuales católicos entre los miembros de la Comisión Nacional del Libro Didáctico (CNLD) como indicio de la relación de poder entre la Iglesia Católica y el gobierno. Tal posición estratégica permite examinar, estimular, indicar y promover los libros didácticos en la formación de la nación, como aproximar la cultura católica de los principios nacionalistas. En la primera parte, se presentan señales del movimiento Reacción Católica en torno al proyecto de recatolizar la nación; en la segunda, se muestra la importancia de la CNLD entre los aparatos estatales en consonancia con el proyecto de la construcción institucional del gobierno; y, finalmente, en la tercera parte, se indica la posición estratégica de intelectuales católicos en la CNLD. Palabras clave: Historia de la educación. Intelectuales católicos. Libro didáctico. Reacción católica. Data de registro: 08/02/2019 Data de aceite: 02/03/2020 Financiamento: CAPES

Power, Social Conflict, Institutional Formation, and Credible Commitment

This chapter develops a social conflict theory of institutions. The third hypothesis posits that unequal distributions of power shape the creation, evolution, and demise of economic and political institutions. A background discussion defines power—a slightly slippery concept—and addresses key sources and manifestations of power. Unequal distributions of power then generate a series of CAPs associated with asymmetric influence on institutional construction and evolution. A flowchart model illustrates. To complicate matters, the fourth hypothesis posits that powerful parties cannot, left to themselves, credibly promise to refrain from using their power for their own future gain—often at the expense of others. Specifically, without institutional and motivational constraint, powerful parties may seize the gains from others’ investments in potentially fruitful economic and political activities. Functional development thus requires resolving multiple, largely second-order, CAPs related to credibly restraining powerful actors—when such actors, simultaneously, exert disproportionate influence over institution building.

How Context Inf luences Development

Political settlements underlie institutional construction and thus a society’s prospects for development. Without some mutually understood method for settling major disputes through politics rather than organized violence, institutions cannot resolve CAPs that impede development. This chapter develops my approach to categorizing political settlements. It offers a framework that permits systematic inquiry into relationships between distributions of power, institutional evolution, and prospects for resolving a series of context-specific CAPs of achieving economic and political development. Political settlements differ fundamentally according to their social foundations’which groups are party to the settlement’and their configuration of authority among insider elites. A four-quadrant typology distinguishes between broad and narrow social foundations and coherent (unipolar) versus disorganized (multipolar) configurations of authority. Additionally, the presence of resource constraints and mutually understood threats to elite political survival conditions motivations to create institutions.

The institutional origin of an international coalition in favor of the right to sport

We aimed do analyze the configuration of the relationships established among intergovernmental/transnational organizations that have been ahead for institutionalizing the idea of the right to sport from 1968 to 1978. We used analysis of documents under the theoretical perspective of the Advocacy Coalition Framework. It was seen that the organizations started a coalition to defend a belief system regarding the idea of the right to sport. However, such a movement was not contrary to the elite sport. It can be concluded that the institutional construction process of the idea of the right to sport in an international context occurred in a nonconflicting way with a partnership of actions, despite a certain difference of beliefs.

Abnegation, accommodation and affirmation: Three discursive modes for the institutional construction of independence among national news agency executives in Europe

The relationship between the ownership form of news agencies and their independence has long figured centrally in debates about the quality of news agency operations. Drawing on a discursive institutional framework, this article explores how national news agency executives in Europe perform a narrated role in the discursive construction of their organizations’ internal and external independence. We set out the concept of independence discourse, which we define as the variety of ways in which news agency executives use claims about the economic independence and the internal and external autonomy of their organizational operations. Based on a discourse analysis of elite semi-structured interviews with 20 European news agency executives, we identify three discursive modes for the institutional construction of independence: (1) abnegation, (2) accommodation and (3) affirmation. These discursive modes represent a set of public and private approaches to discursively negotiating the power of both state/government and shareholders/owners. We conclude by arguing for an expanded concept of independence, one which offers an account of the complex array of forces shaping news agency operations today.

The birth of Western European economic integration and the creation of COMECON: General and distinctive

The article examines the history of the origin of Western European economic integration and Eastern European “socialist integration” in the second half of the 1940s of the twentieth century. The study of this history is determined by the need for scientific reinterpretation of established ideas about the most important historical processes, as well as the modern need to extract positive experience from the past through historical analysis. This work, based on the publications of various political orientations, with the involvement of published and archival documents, is one of the first attempts to clarify not only the distinctive, but also common in the history of institutional construction of two economic integration models.

A brutal humanism for the new millennium? The legacy of Neorealism in contemporary cinema of migration

This article proposes that the institutional construction of Italian cinema of migration in the new millennium may be conditioned by an enduring, implicit aspect of Neorealism's legacy: a 'brutal humanism' that posits the witnessing of bodies in crisis as an ethical act. Supplementing Karl Schoonover's theory of brutal humanism with Lacanian gaze theory, I argue that the Berlin International Film Festival's synopsis of a recent cause célèbre of Italian cinema, Fuocoammare (Fire at Sea) (Rosi, 2016), instantiates a 'brutal vision' directed towards the figure of the refugee, while the film text's depiction of the 'objective gaze' of these characters challenges such relations of power and looking. The article underlines the importance of competitive European film festivals and paratexts in the international circulation and ideological construction of Italian cinema, while arguing that the film text itself can offer a site of resistance to the meanings that institutions ascribe to it.