Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Facial Nerve: Recording Technique and Estimation of the Stimulated Site

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yojiro Seki ◽  
Larry Krain ◽  
Thoru Yamada ◽  
Jun Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Root Exit Zone ◽  
Compound Muscle Action Potentials ◽  
Facial Nerves ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract We compared transcranial magnetic and conventional electrical stimulation in 20 facial nerves of 10 normal subjects. A magnetic coil was placed tangentially over T5 or T6 (10-20 electroencephalogram electrode placement system) and electrical stimulation was applied 1 cm below the anterior tragus. Compound muscle action potentials recorded from the ipsilateral nasalis muscle showed onset latencies (mean ± SD) of 4.48 ± 0.50 ms with magnetic stimulation and 3.15 ± 0.40 ms with electrical stimulation, a mean difference of 1.33 ± 0.14 ms. Stimulation of the extracranial facial nerve at two sites yielded a conduction velocity of 59.6 ± 4.5 m/s. Based on these findings, the magnetically stimulated site was estimated to fall 79.0 ± 8.6 mm proximal to the point of electrical stimulation. Taking the average length of the nerve trunk and histological specificity of the root exit zone into consideration, evidence indicates that the root exit zone of the facial nerve is the most likely initiating site of excitation with magnetic stimulation.

Magnetically Evoked Facial Nerve Potential

1989 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Windmill ◽  
Serge A. Martinez ◽  
Christopher B. Shields ◽  
Markku Paloheimo
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Facial Muscle ◽  
Facial Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Responses ◽  
Stimulation Of

Facial nerve stimulation by electrical current is painful and tends to discourage serial studies. Transcutaneous magnetic stimulation of the facial nerve is painless, easily reproducible, and elicits facial muscle responses identical to electrical stimulation.

scholarly journals Optimal electrode placement for noninvasive electrical stimulation of human abdominal muscles

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1612-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianne Lim ◽  
Robert B. Gorman ◽  
Julian P. Saboisky ◽  
Simon C. Gandevia ◽  
Jane E. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Esophageal Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Gastric Pressure ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abdominal muscles are the most important expiratory muscles for coughing. Spinal cord-injured patients have respiratory complications because of abdominal muscle weakness and paralysis and impaired ability to cough. We aimed to determine the optimal positioning of stimulating electrodes on the trunk for the noninvasive electrical activation of the abdominal muscles. In six healthy subjects, we compared twitch pressures produced by a single electrical pulse through surface electrodes placed either posterolaterally or anteriorly on the trunk with twitch pressures produced by magnetic stimulation of nerve roots at the T10 level. A gastroesophageal catheter measured gastric pressure (Pga) and esophageal pressure (Pes). Twitches were recorded at increasing stimulus intensities at functional residual capacity (FRC) in the seated posture. The maximal intensity used was also delivered at total lung capacity (TLC). At FRC, twitch pressures were greatest with electrical stimulation posterolaterally and magnetic stimulation at T10 and smallest at the anterior site (Pga, 30 ± 3 and 33 ± 6 cmH2O vs. 12 ± 3 cmH2O; Pes 8 ± 2 and 11 ± 3 cmH2O vs. 5 ± 1 cmH2O; means ± SE). At TLC, twitch pressures were larger. The values for posterolateral electrical stimulation were comparable to those evoked by thoracic magnetic stimulation. The posterolateral stimulation site is the optimal site for generating gastric and esophageal twitch pressures with electrical stimulation.

scholarly journals Sham transcranial magnetic stimulation using electrical stimulation of the scalp

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Mennemeier ◽  
William J. Triggs ◽  
Kenneth C. Chelette ◽  
A.J. Woods ◽  
Timothy A. Kimbrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on the excitability of the motor neuron pools of the muscles of the lower extremities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Ananiev ◽  
D.A. Pavlov ◽  
R.N. Yakupov ◽  
V.A. Golodnova ◽  
M.V. Balykin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The study was conducted on 22 healthy men aged 18-23 years. The primary motor cortex innervating the lower limb was stimulated with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Using transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, evoked motor responses of the muscles of the lower extremities were initiated when electrodes were applied cutaneous between the spinous processes in the Th11-Th12 projection. Research protocol: Determination of the thresholds of BMO of the muscles of the lower extremities during TESCS; determination of the BMO threshold of the TA muscle in TMS; determination of the thresholds of the BMO of the muscles of the lower extremities during TESCS against the background of 80% and 90% TMS. It was found that magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex of the brain leads to an increase in the excitability of the neural structures of the lumbar thickening of the spinal cord and an improvement in neuromuscular interactions. Key words: transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, neural networks, excitability, neuromuscular interactions.

scholarly journals Facial nerve electroneurography: variability in normal subjects

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovany Luis Alves de Medeiros ◽  
João Antonio Maciel Nobrega ◽  
Luiz Augusto Franco de Andrade ◽  
Yara Juliano
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Nasolabial Fold ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Muscle Action ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Compound Muscle Action Potentials

Twenty normal individuals were submitted to facial nerve electroneurography using different techniques in order to determine the most accurate to obtain the latencies and amplitudes of the compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) of the facial muscles. First of all it was determined in which muscle or muscle group highest amplitude CMAP could be recorded with the lowest variability between sides and in test-retest. Different techniques were studied in order to determine which could give the best results. This was shown to be an arrangement of bipolar surface electrodes fixed to a plastic bar. The records with higher amplitude where obtained from the nasolabial fold muscles. Therefore 65 normal volunteers were examined using this technique and recording the potentials obtained over the nasolabial fold muscles. Normal values were determined (latency lower than 4.5 ms and amplitude larger than 2 mV - 95% confidence limits).

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