Neural crest emigration from the neural tube depends on regulated cadherin expression

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (15) ◽  
pp. 2963-2971 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nakagawa ◽  
M. Takeichi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Expression Vectors ◽  
Neural Tubes ◽  
Neuroepithelial Cells

During the emergence of neural crest cells from the neural tube, the expression of cadherins dynamically changes. In the chicken embryo, the early neural tube expresses two cadherins, N-cadherin and cadherin-6B (cad6B), in the dorsal-most region where neural crest cells are generated. The expression of these two cadherins is, however, downregulated in the neural crest cells migrating from the neural tube; they instead begin expressing cadherin-7 (cad7). As an attempt to investigate the role of these changes in cadherin expression, we overexpressed various cadherin constructs, including N-cadherin, cad7, and a dominant negative N-cadherin (cN390), in neural crest-generating cells. This was achieved by injecting adenoviral expression vectors encoding these molecules into the lumen of the closing neural tube of chicken embryos at stage 14. In neural tubes injected with the viruses, efficient infection was observed at the neural crest-forming area, resulting in the ectopic cadherin expression also in migrating neural crest cells. Notably, the distribution of neural crest cells with the ectopic cadherins changed depending on which constructs were expressed. Many crest cells failed to escape from the neural tube when N-cadherin or cad7 was overexpressed. Moreover, none of the cells with these ectopic cadherins migrated along the dorsolateral (melanocyte) pathway. When these samples were stained for Mitf, an early melanocyte marker, positive cells were found accumulated within the neural tube, suggesting that the failure of their migration was not due to differentiation defects. In contrast to these phenomena, cells expressing non-functional cadherins exhibited a normal migration pattern. Thus, the overexpression of a neuroepithelial cadherin (N-cadherin) and a crest cadherin (cad7) resulted in the same blocking effect on neural crest segregation from neuroepithelial cells, especially for melanocyte precursors. These findings suggest that the regulation of cadherin expression or its activity at the neural crest-forming area plays a critical role in neural crest emigration from the neural tube.

scholarly journals Role of FGF signalling in neural crest cell migration during early chick embryo development

Zygote ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-tan Zhang ◽  
Guang Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Manli Chuai ◽  
Kenneth Ka Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Neural Tubes ◽  
Dorsal Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Cell Migration ◽  
Fgf Signalling ◽  
Crest Cell

SummaryFibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling acts as one of modulators that control neural crest cell (NCC) migration, but how this is achieved is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of FGF signalling on NCC migration by blocking this process. Constructs that were capable of inducing Sprouty2 (Spry2) or dominant-negative FGFR1 (Dn-FGFR1) expression were transfected into the cells making up the neural tubes. Our results revealed that blocking FGF signalling at stage HH10 (neurulation stage) could enhance NCC migration at both the cranial and trunk levels in the developing embryos. It was established that FGF-mediated NCC migration was not due to altering the expression of N-cadherin in the neural tube. Instead, we determined that cyclin D1 was overexpressed in the cranial and trunk levels when Sprouty2 was upregulated in the dorsal neural tube. These results imply that the cell cycle was a target of FGF signalling through which it regulates NCC migration at the neurulation stage.

Significance of cell-to-cell contacts for the directional movement of neural crest cells within a hydrated collagen lattice

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-51
Author(s):  
Edward M. Davis ◽  
J. P. Trinkaus
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Contact Inhibition ◽  
Neural Tubes ◽  
Directional Movement ◽  
Contact Behaviour

Neural tubes whose neural crest had just begun migration were isolated from stage-14 chick embryos, cleaned with 0·1 % trypsin, and cultured in transparent hydrated collagen lattices (HCL) in an effort to stimulate in part the three-dimensional environment through which neural crest cells migrate in situ, in the embryo. The concentration of collagen in the lattices varied from 50µg/ml to 390µg/ml. The mode of movement and contact behaviour of neural crest cells migrating from the neural tube under these conditions were recorded directly with time-lapse cinemicrography. Both their shape and their rate of translocation were dependent on the concentration of collagen in the HCL. In low concentrations (50 µg/ ml to 105 µg/ml), neural crest cells have elongate spindle shapes and translocate at an average rate of 1 µm/min, whereas in high concentrations (190µg/ml to 390µg/ml), their shape is rounded, and they translocate at an average rate of only 0·5µm/min. Neural crest cells migrate from neural tubes in these preparations principally in loose clusters, with a few single cells in the lead. The cells in these groups display leading-to-trailing edge adhesions and form tongues or streams of cells directed away from the neural tube. The paths of migration of both individual cells and groups of cells are aligned with the collagen fibrils of the HCL, which radiate from the neural tube. The classical visible characteristic of contact inhibition of movement, change in direction of cell movement after contact with other! cells, was not observed; neither the rate of translocation nor the time spent migrating away from the tube is dependent on the number of contacts between cells. It is concluded that the directional movement of neural crest cells in HCL cultures does not depend on contact inhibition of movement.

Translocation of neural crest cells within a hydrated collagen lattice

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Edward M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Neural Tubes ◽  
Collagen Lattice

Chick neural tubes were cultured either on planar substrata of collagen-coated Falcon plastic in growth medium with serum or within a hydrated collagen lattice (HCL) in growth medium either with or without serum. Using time-lapse cinemicrography, neural crest cells were observed emigrating from neural tubes over the collagen substrata. Once separated from the neural tube, they seldom reunite with it. Though the average rate at which the neural crest cells translocate was the same in the different culture conditions, approximately l·0 μm/min, distinct differences in morphology and mode of translocation were observed. Neural crest cells on collagen-coated culture dishes have a flattened fibroblastic morphology and mode of translocation; in an HC1 with serum, they have a bipolar shape and translocate by advancing a long, narrow leading protrusion and by periodically retracting the attenuated trailing portion of the cell; and in a serum-free HCL, they have a unipolar shape and translocate by advancing a long, narrow, branched leading protrusion and by periodically transferring the cytoplasm of the large, rounded trailing cell body forward, past a bulbous structure, and into the leading protrusion.

Regulation of the onset of neural crest migration by coordinated activity of BMP4 and Noggin in the dorsal neural tube

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (21) ◽  
pp. 4749-4762 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sela-Donenfeld ◽  
C. Kalcheim
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Neural Tubes ◽  
Dorsal Neural Tube ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Neural Crest Migration

For neural crest cells to engage in migration, it is necessary that epithelial premigratory crest cells convert into mesenchyme. The mechanisms that trigger cell delamination from the dorsal neural tube remain poorly understood. We find that, in 15- to 40-somite-stage avian embryos, BMP4 mRNA is homogeneously distributed along the longitudinal extent of the dorsal neural tube, whereas its specific inhibitor noggin exists in a gradient of expression that decreases caudorostrally. This rostralward reduction in signal intensity coincides with the onset of emigration of neural crest cells. Hence, we hypothesized that an interplay between Noggin and BMP4 in the dorsal tube generates graded concentrations of the latter that in turn triggers the delamination of neural crest progenitors. Consistent with this suggestion, disruption of the gradient by grafting Noggin-producing cells dorsal to the neural tube at levels opposite the segmental plate or newly formed somites, inhibited emigration of HNK-1-positive crest cells, which instead accumulated within the dorsal tube. Similar results were obtained with explanted neural tubes from the same somitic levels exposed to Noggin. Exposure to Follistatin, however, had no effect. The Noggin-dependent inhibition was overcome by concomitant treatment with BMP4, which when added alone, also accelerated cell emigration compared to untreated controls. Furthermore, the observed inhibition of neural crest emigration in vivo was preceded by a partial or total reduction in the expression of cadherin-6B and rhoB but not in the expression of slug mRNA or protein. Altogether, these results suggest that a coordinated activity of Noggin and BMP4 in the dorsal neural tube triggers delamination of specified, slug-expressing neural crest cells. Thus, BMPs play multiple and discernible roles at sequential stages of neural crest ontogeny, from specification through delamination and later differentiation of specific neural crest derivatives.

scholarly journals Misexpression of BRE gene in the developing chick neural tube affects neurulation and somitogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xiao-Yu Wang ◽  
Manli Chuai ◽  
John Yeuk-Hon Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Early Chick Embryo

This is the first study of the role of BRE in embryonic development using early chick embryos. BRE is expressed in the developing neural tube, neural crest cells, and somites. BRE thus plays an important role in regulating neurogenesis and indirectly somitogenesis during early chick embryo development.

The migration of neural crest cells and the growth of motor axons through the rostral half of the chick somite

Development ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 437-455
Author(s):  
M. Rickmann ◽  
J. W. Fawcett ◽  
R. J. Keynes
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Ventral Root ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Motor Axons ◽  
Migration Pathway ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Pass Through

We have studied the pathway of migration of neural crest cells through the somites of the developing chick embryo, using the monoclonal antibodies NC-1 and HNK-1 to stain them. Crest cells, as they migrate ventrally from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, pass through the lateral part of the sclerotome, but only through that part of the sclerotome which lies in the rostral half of each somite. This migration pathway is almost identical to the path which presumptive motor axons take when they grow out from the neural tube shortly after the onset of neural crest migration. In order to see whether the ventral root axons are guided along this pathway by neural crest cells, we surgically excised the neural crest from a series of embryos, and examined the pattern of axon outgrowth approximately 24 h later. In somites which contained no neural crest cells, ventral root axons were still found only in the rostral half of the somite, although axonal growth was slightly delayed. These axons were surrounded by sheath cells, which had presumably migrated out of the neural tube, to a point about 50 μm proximal to the growth cones. With appropriate antibodies we found that the extracellular matrix components fibronectin and laminin are evenly distributed between the rostral and caudal halves of the somite. Neither of these molecules therefore plays a critical role in determining the specific pathway of neural crest cells or motor axons through the rostral half of the somite.

Induction of melanocyte precursors from neural crest cells surrounding the neural tube-like structures developed in vitro using mouse ES cell culture

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Koh-ichi Atoh ◽  
Manae S. Kurokawa ◽  
Hideshi Yoshikawa ◽  
Chieko Masuda ◽  
Erika Takada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Es Cell ◽  
Mouse Es Cell

scholarly journals Critical role of Brg1 member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex during neurogenesis and neural crest induction in zebrafish

2006 ◽  
Vol 235 (10) ◽  
pp. 2722-2735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binnur Eroglu ◽  
Guanghu Wang ◽  
Naxin Tu ◽  
Xutong Sun ◽  
Nahid F. Mivechi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling Complex

An experimental study on neural crest migration in Barbus conchonius (Cyprinidae, Teleostei), with special reference to the origin of the enteroendocrine cells

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-323
Author(s):  
C. H. J. Lamers ◽  
J. W. H. M. Rombout ◽  
L. P. M. Timmermans
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Enteroendocrine Cells ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Transplantation Technique ◽  
Spinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Neural Crest Origin ◽  
Neural Crest Migration

A neural crest transplantation technique is described for fish. As in other classes ofvertebrates, two pathways of neural crest migration can be distinguished: a lateroventral pathway between somites and ectoderm, and a medioventral pathway between somites and neural tube/notochord. In this paper evidence is presented for a neural crest origin of spinal ganglion cells and pigment cells, and indication for such an origin is obtained for sympathetic and enteric ganglion cells and for cells that are probably homologues to adrenomedullary and paraganglion cells in the future kidney area. The destiny of neural crest cells near the developing lateral-line sense organs is discussed. When grafted into the yolk, neural crest cells or neural tube cells appear to differentiate into ‘periblast cells’; this suggests a highly activating influence of the yolk. Many neural crest cells are found around the urinary ducts and, when grafted below the notochord, even within the urinary duct epithelium. These neural crest cells do not invade the gut epithelium, even when grafted adjacent to the developing gut. Consequently enteroendocrine cells in fish are not likely to have a trunkor rhombencephalic neural crest origin. Another possible origin of these cells will be proposed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document