scholarly journals Motor neurons with limb-innervating character in the cervical spinal cord are sculpted by apoptosis based on the Hox code in chick embryo

Development ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (24) ◽  
pp. 4645-4657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuki Mukaigasa ◽  
Chie Sakuma ◽  
Tomoaki Okada ◽  
Shunsaku Homma ◽  
Takako Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Hox Code

scholarly journals Restoration of breathing after opioid overdose and spinal cord injury using temporal interference stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Sunshine ◽  
Antonino M. Cassarà ◽  
Esra Neufeld ◽  
Nir Grossman ◽  
Thomas H. Mareci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Electrode Position ◽  
Spinal Motor Neurons ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Low Amplitude

AbstractRespiratory insufficiency is a leading cause of death due to drug overdose or neuromuscular disease. We hypothesized that a stimulation paradigm using temporal interference (TI) could restore breathing in such conditions. Following opioid overdose in rats, two high frequency (5000 Hz and 5001 Hz), low amplitude waveforms delivered via intramuscular wires in the neck immediately activated the diaphragm and restored ventilation in phase with waveform offset (1 Hz or 60 breaths/min). Following cervical spinal cord injury (SCI), TI stimulation via dorsally placed epidural electrodes uni- or bilaterally activated the diaphragm depending on current and electrode position. In silico modeling indicated that an interferential signal in the ventral spinal cord predicted the evoked response (left versus right diaphragm) and current-ratio-based steering. We conclude that TI stimulation can activate spinal motor neurons after SCI and prevent fatal apnea during drug overdose by restoring ventilation with minimally invasive electrodes.

scholarly journals Fully Characterized Mature Human iPS- and NMP-Derived Motor Neurons Thrive Without Neuroprotection in the Spinal Contusion Cavity

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary T. Olmsted ◽  
Cinzia Stigliano ◽  
Brandon Marzullo ◽  
Jose Cibelli ◽  
Philip J. Horner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Neural Cell ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cord Injury

Neural cell interventions in spinal cord injury (SCI) have focused predominantly on transplanted multipotent neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) for animal research and clinical use due to limited information on survival of spinal neurons. However, transplanted NSPC fate is unpredictable and largely governed by injury-derived matrix and cytokine factors that are often gliogenic and inflammatory. Here, using a rat cervical hemicontusion model, we evaluate the survival and integration of hiPSC-derived spinal motor neurons (SMNs) and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). SMNs and OPCs were differentiated in vitro through a neuromesodermal progenitor stage to mimic the natural origin of the spinal cord. We demonstrate robust survival and engraftment without additional injury site modifiers or neuroprotective biomaterials. Ex vivo differentiated neurons achieve cervical spinal cord matched transcriptomic and proteomic profiles, meeting functional electrophysiology parameters prior to transplantation. These data establish an approach for ex vivo developmentally accurate neuronal fate specification and subsequent transplantation for a more streamlined and predictable outcome in neural cell-based therapies of SCI.

Muscle fibre types and innervation of the chick embryo limb following cervical spinal cord removal

Development ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
N. G. Laing ◽  
A. H. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Muscle Fibre Types ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Lateral Motor Column ◽  
Fibre Typing

Several segments of spinal cord were removed from the cervical regions of stage-13 or -14 day-2) chick embryos. After further incubation to day 17 or 18, the patterns of end-plate distribution and ATPase typing of muscle fibres in the anterior and posterior latissimus dorsi and the ulnimetacarpalis dorsalis, and the ATPase typing of the forearm muscles were examined. No differences from control embryos were found. The embryos had normal numbers of lateral motor column motoneurons in both the brachial and lumbar enlargements and the positions of motoneurons supplying the biceps as identified with retrograde horseradish peroxidase labelling were consistent with the normal patterns of motor projection into the limb. These results show that the fibre typing of limb muscles and their patterns of innervation are independent of descending inputs until just before hatching in the chick.

Early stages of synaptogenesis in the cervical spinal cord of the chick embryo

1973 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Stelzner ◽  
A. H. Martin ◽  
G. L. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Early Stages

Caspase Activity Is Involved in, but Is Dispensable for, Early Motoneuron Death in the Chick Embryo Cervical Spinal Cord

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yaginuma ◽  
Nobuko Shiraiwa ◽  
Takako Shimada ◽  
Keiji Nishiyama ◽  
Jason Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Caspase Activity

scholarly journals Posteroanterior Cervical Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation: Interactions with Cortical and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5304
Author(s):  
Jaclyn R. Wecht ◽  
William M. Savage ◽  
Grace O. Famodimu ◽  
Gregory A. Mendez ◽  
Jonah M. Levine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Median Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation

Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSCS) has demonstrated potential to beneficially modulate spinal cord motor and autonomic circuitry. We are interested in pairing cervical TSCS with other forms of nervous system stimulation to enhance synaptic plasticity in circuits serving hand function. We use a novel configuration for cervical TSCS in which the anode is placed anteriorly over ~C4–C5 and the cathode posteriorly over ~T2–T4. We measured the effects of single pulses of TSCS paired with single pulses of motor cortex or median nerve stimulation timed to arrive at the cervical spinal cord at varying intervals. In 13 participants with and 15 participants without chronic cervical spinal cord injury, we observed that subthreshold TSCS facilitates hand muscle responses to motor cortex stimulation, with a tendency toward greater facilitation when TSCS is timed to arrive at cervical synapses simultaneously or up to 10 milliseconds after cortical stimulus arrival. Single pulses of subthreshold TSCS had no effect on the amplitudes of median H-reflex responses or F-wave responses. These findings support a model in which TSCS paired with appropriately timed cortical stimulation has the potential to facilitate convergent transmission between descending motor circuits, segmental afferents, and spinal motor neurons serving the hand. Studies with larger numbers of participants and repetitively paired cortical and spinal stimulation are needed.

Developmental localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide in dorsal sensory axons and ventral motor neurons of mouse cervical spinal cord

2016 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongtae Kim ◽  
Masanobu Sunagawa ◽  
Shiori Kobayashi ◽  
Taekyun Shin ◽  
Chitoshi Takayama
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Sensory Axons ◽  
Calcitonin Gene
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document