Muscle fibre types and innervation of the chick embryo limb following cervical spinal cord removal

Development ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
N. G. Laing ◽  
A. H. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Muscle Fibre Types ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Lateral Motor Column ◽  
Fibre Typing

Several segments of spinal cord were removed from the cervical regions of stage-13 or -14 day-2) chick embryos. After further incubation to day 17 or 18, the patterns of end-plate distribution and ATPase typing of muscle fibres in the anterior and posterior latissimus dorsi and the ulnimetacarpalis dorsalis, and the ATPase typing of the forearm muscles were examined. No differences from control embryos were found. The embryos had normal numbers of lateral motor column motoneurons in both the brachial and lumbar enlargements and the positions of motoneurons supplying the biceps as identified with retrograde horseradish peroxidase labelling were consistent with the normal patterns of motor projection into the limb. These results show that the fibre typing of limb muscles and their patterns of innervation are independent of descending inputs until just before hatching in the chick.

The distribution of muscle fibre types in chick embryo wings transplanted to the pelvic region is normal

Development ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
N. G. Laing ◽  
A. H. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Muscle Fibre Types ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Pelvic Region ◽  
Lateral Motor Column ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Staining ◽  
Slow Muscle Fibres ◽  
Atpase Staining

Chick embryo wing buds were transplanted to the pelvic region in place of, or in addition to, the hindlimb bud prior to innervation. The wrist muscle ulnimetacarpalis dorsalis (umd) was innervated by middle-dorsal or middle-ventral motoneurons in the lumbar lateral motor column (LMC) in a rostrocaudal position which varied with the rostrocaudal position of the wing. Despite the heterotopic innervation the subsequent development of the distributions of fast and slow muscle fibres, as judged by ATPase staining, was normal in all muscles examined. The pattern of innervation in the umd, as judged by acetylcholinesterase staining also developed normally. It is probable that muscle fibre type is intrinsically, not neurogenically, determined.

Motor projection patterns to the hind limb of normal and paralysed chick embryos

Development ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-286
Author(s):  
N. G. Laing
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Lateral Motor Column ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Major Period

Counts were made of the number of motoneurons innervating the hind limbs of 10-day normal and paralysed chick embryos whose right hind limb buds had been subjected to varying degrees of amputation prior to innervation. The number of motoneurons on the intact sides of the paralysed embryos was found to be similar to the number present in normal embryos prior to the major period of motoneuron death. Since it has previously been shown that paralysis does not increase the number of motoneurons generated, this means that normal motoneuron death was largely prevented in the paralysed embryos. There were differences in the distributions of motoneurons in the rostrocaudal axis of the spinal cord between normal and paralysed embryos. Therefore, cell death does not eliminate a uniform fraction of motoneurons throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the chick embryo lumbar lateral motor column. It is also argued that there are differences in the relative contribution of the various lumbosacral levels to different parts of the limb, e.g. the shank, before and after the period of cell death. In both normal and paralysed embryos there was a linear relationship between the volume of limb muscle which developed after amputation and the number of motoneurons surviving in the spinal cord. There was no evidence of a ‘compression’ of motoneurons into the remaining muscle either after amputation alone or after amputation combined with paralysis. Motoneurons are therefore rigidly specified for certain parts of the limb. The relationship between motoneuron number and muscle volume on the amputated side differed from that of the intact side. For a similar increase in muscle volume there was a smaller increase in motoneuron number on the intact sides. This suggested a parallel to the paradoxically small increase in motoneuron number that occurs on the addition of a supernumerary limb.

scholarly journals Motor neurons with limb-innervating character in the cervical spinal cord are sculpted by apoptosis based on the Hox code in chick embryo

Development ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (24) ◽  
pp. 4645-4657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuki Mukaigasa ◽  
Chie Sakuma ◽  
Tomoaki Okada ◽  
Shunsaku Homma ◽  
Takako Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Hox Code

Chronic stimulation of the spinal cord in developing chick embryo causes the differentiation of multiple clusters of acetylcholine receptor in the posterior latissimus dorsi muscle

1980 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Toutant ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bourgeois ◽  
Jean-Pierre Toutant ◽  
Didier Renaud ◽  
Georges Le Douarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Chronic Stimulation ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Multiple Clusters ◽  
Stimulation Of

Early stages of synaptogenesis in the cervical spinal cord of the chick embryo

1973 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Stelzner ◽  
A. H. Martin ◽  
G. L. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Early Stages

Caspase Activity Is Involved in, but Is Dispensable for, Early Motoneuron Death in the Chick Embryo Cervical Spinal Cord

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yaginuma ◽  
Nobuko Shiraiwa ◽  
Takako Shimada ◽  
Keiji Nishiyama ◽  
Jason Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Caspase Activity

Effects of spinal cord stimulation on the differentiation of posterior latissimus dorsi nerve in the chick embryo

1981 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Toutant ◽  
J.P. Toutant ◽  
D. Renaud ◽  
G. Le Douarin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi

Chondrogenesis in chick embryo somites in vitro

Development ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-340
Author(s):  
M. L. Ellison ◽  
E. J. Ambrose ◽  
G. C. Easty
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Cartilage Formation

During the embryonic development of vertebral cartilages, cells from the somite mesoderm differentiate into chondrocytes around the spinal cord and notochord. Grafting experiments in amphibian and chick embryos have indicated that the spinal cord and notochord have some influence on this differentiation of somite cells to cartilage (Holtzer & Detwiler, 1953; Watterson, Fowler & Fowler, 1954). Further analysis in vitro has established that, under specified culture conditions, cartilage formation from somites is, in fact, dependent on the presence of either spinal cord and/or notochord or their extracts (Grobstein & Parker, 1954; Grobstein & Holtzer, 1955; Strudel, 1962, 1963; Lash, 1963). For example, Lash (1963) showed that in his system on a liquid medium stage 16 (Hamburger & Hamilton, 1951, stages) somites alone formed no cartilage, but that cartilage did develop when notochord or spinal cord was cultured with the somites. This suggested that the spinal cord and notochord were ‘inducing’ somite mesoderm cells to form chondrocytes.

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