Memoirs: The Development of the Alimentary Canal in Pieris Brassicae and the Endodermal origin of the Malpighian Tubules of Insects

1932 ◽  
Vol s2-75 (298) ◽  
pp. 283-305
Author(s):  
H. HENSON
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Common Duct ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Pieris Brassicae ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Germ Band ◽  
The Common ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Endodermal Origin

1. The interstitial (imaginal) rings of the insect gut are interpreted as homologous with the lips of the embryonic mouth and anus of Peripatus (i.e. the blastopore lips). 2. The Malpighian tubules of Amphipod Crustacea, Lithobius, Stenopelmatus (Orthoptera), Hepialus (Lepidoptera), Calliphora (Diptera) are all appendages of the posterior end of the mid-gut and endodermal. 3. The Malpighian tubules of Pieris, although hind-gut appendages must be homologous with those of Hepialus. They are composed of three regions, (1) the functional parts of endodermal derivation, (2) the interstitial or imaginal ring which is probably derived from the posterior interstitial ring of the gut, (3) the common duct of proctodaeal origin. 4. The germ-band of the Lepidopterous embryo has a closed blastopore or primitive streak composed of two circular areas, anal and oral, connected by a median strand. The anal and oral blastoporic areas produce the anterior and posterior mesendoderm rudiments. 5. The development of the stomodaeum and proctodaeum shows that the following characteristics may be ascribed to the various parts of the gut.

scholarly journals Digestive And Tracheal System of Menopon Gallinae (Phthiraptera: Amblycera) Infesting Poultry Bird (Gallus Gallus Domesticus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surman Arya ◽  
Suneel Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Tracheal System ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
Binocular Microscope ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Poultry Shaft Louse ◽  
Alary Muscles

The digestive and tracheal system of a poultry shaft louse, Menopon gallinae (Phthiraptera: Amblycera) has been studied in greater details. Alimentary canal of louse was dissected out along with crop under stereozoom binocular microscope. Entire alimentary canal of M. gallinae was found more or less straight and has three basic parts (fore-gut, mid-gut and hind-gut) while crop-teeth was present in the crop. The posterior end of crop contains 20-30 well developed crop-teeth arranged in a single arced plate, in comb-like fashion. Mid-gut was found as simple tube and contributes nearly one half of the total length, while the hind-gut was marked by the opening of Malpighian tubules in alimentary canal. The heart of M. gallinae is of simplest kind, one chambered bulbous structure having three pairs of laterally placed ostia and supported by four pairs of alary muscles. In the tracheal system there were seven pairs of spiracles occurred on the terga of M. gallinae. The first pair of spiracle was found located close to legs while remaining six abdominal spiracles occur from segment 3rd to 8th. The degree of tracheation of various visceral organs has also been noted.

On the gregarine Lankesteria culicis (Ross), 1898, from the mosquito Aëdes (Finlaya) geniculatus (Olivier)

Parasitology ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 39 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Ganapati ◽  
P. Tate
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Cyst Formation ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hind Gut

1. The morphology and life history of a gregarine Lankesteria culicis (Ross), as it lives in the gut of Aëdes (Finlaya) geniculatus (Olivier), are described. The earlier stages are intra-epithelial in the fore and anterior mid-gut of the larvae. After a period of growth the trophozoites are liberated into the gut lumen where they attach themselves to the epithelium by a well-developed epimerite which functions as a sucker. Cyst formation and further stages in sporogony take place in the malpighian tubules when the larvae develop into the pupae. In the adult mosquito only ripe sporocysts are found, packed in the malpighian tubules and scattered in the hind-gut. The spores escape through the alimentary canal.2. The systematic position of Lankesteria is reviewed. In view of its true dicystid nature, combining both acephaline and cephaline features, it is suggested that its proper systematic position would be in the dicystid family Lecudinidae Kamm emend. Reichenow, 1929, which includes all forms intermediate in position between the monocystids and the true tricystids.

Regional differentiation of the malpighian tubules of Pieris canidia larva: An electron microscopic study

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 716-717
Author(s):  
W.W.K. Cheung ◽  
J.B. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Pieris Brassicae ◽  
The Body ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cruciferous Plants

Malpighian tubules in insects arose primarily for the purpose of hydromineral regulation. In the small cabbage white Pieris canidia larva there are six tubules, with three on each side of the body. Together with the common cabbage white Pieris brassicae larva they are frequently encountered pests on cruciferous plants. Although physiological studies on the functions of Pieris brassicae larval malpighian tubules have been well documented, detailed ultrastructural studies on these tubules have not been thoroughly studied. For the sake of further understanding on how these malpighian tubules function an electron microscopic study of different regions of the malpighian tubules of Pieris canidia have been carried out.

Memoirs: The Germinal Layers concerned in the Formation of the Alimentary Canal and Malpighian Tubules of Ephestia Kühniella (Lepidoptera)

1936 ◽  
Vol s2-78 (311) ◽  
pp. 533-542
Author(s):  
MABEL DRUMMOND
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Germ Band ◽  
Gut Epithelium ◽  
Altered Form

1. The mid-gut epithelium of Ephestia is derived from cephalic and caudal mesendoderm rudiments which are proliferated from the germ-band independently of the stomodaeal and proctodaeal invaginations. 2. The oesophageal valve is formed by the backward growth from the blind end of the stomodaeum of six tubules, which later in a slightly altered form extend into the cavity of the mid-gut to form the valve of the larva. 3. The stomodaeum and proctodaeum are purely ectodermal. 4. The malpighian tubules are ectodermal.

scholarly journals On the X-ray Diagnosis of Gallstones in the Common Duct

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. e5-e8
Author(s):  
M. Simon ◽  
M. D. Stockholm
Keyword(s):  
Common Duct ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals Primary Closure of the Common Duct

1960 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM FRANCIS RIENHOFF
Keyword(s):  
Primary Closure ◽  
Common Duct ◽  
The Common

The Case of the Common Duct Cyst

1973 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 80B-80D
Author(s):  
William B. Seaman
Keyword(s):  
Common Duct ◽  
Duct Cyst ◽  
The Common

Diagnosis in Obstruction of the Common Duct

JAMA ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 191 (6) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Common Duct ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals A beta-glucosidase of an insect herbivore determines both toxicity and deterrence of a dandelion defense metabolite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meret Huber ◽  
Thomas Roder ◽  
Sandra Irmisch ◽  
Alexander Riedel ◽  
Saskia Gablenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Melolontha Melolontha ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Dandelion ◽  
Beta Glucosidase ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Root Herbivore ◽  
Plant Herbivore

Gut enzymes can metabolize plant defense metabolites and thereby affect the growth and fitness of insect herbivores. Whether these enzymes also influence herbivore behavior and feeding preference is largely unknown. We studied the metabolization of taraxinic acid β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (TA-G), a sesquiterpene lactone of the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) that deters its major root herbivore, the common cockchafer larva (Melolontha melolontha). We demonstrate that TA-G is rapidly deglycosylated and conjugated to glutathione in the insect gut. A broad-spectrum M. melolontha β-glucosidase, Mm_bGlc17, is sufficient and necessary for TA-G deglycosylation. Using plants and insect RNA interference, we show that Mm_bGlc17 reduces TA-G toxicity. Furthermore, Mm_bGlc17 is required for the preference of M. melolontha larvae for TA-G deficient plants. Thus, herbivore metabolism modulates both the toxicity and deterrence of a plant defense metabolite. Our work illustrates the multifacteted roles of insect digestive enzymes as mediators of plant-herbivore interactions.

Memoirs: The Embryonic Development of the Stick-Insect, Carausius morosus

1936 ◽  
Vol s2-78 (311) ◽  
pp. 487-511
Author(s):  
A. J. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Stick Insect ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Germ Band ◽  
Ventral Plate ◽  
Carausius Morosus ◽  
Gut Epithelium ◽  
Cleavage Nucleus ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Late Stages

1. The maturation of the egg takes place in the ovarian tube, and is immediately followed by the formation of the cleavagenucleus and its division into many nuclei. 2. The entire products of the cleavage-nucleus migrate to the surface to form the blastoderm. Cleavage of the yolk was not observed even in late stages. Yolk-cells are absent when the blastoderm is being formed. 3. Primitive endodermal cells are proliferated from the middle of the germ-band, and form a membrane between the germ-band and the yolk. The membrane is present only in embryonic stages; some of the cells proliferated wander into the yolk and act as vitellophags. 4. Mesoderm is formed by proliferation of cells from the ventral plate. It is preceded by the formation of a shallow gastrular furrow, and from the bottom of this furrow proliferation takes place. The mesoderm becomes arranged in segmental masses. 5. Two masses of cells proliferated at the anterior and posterior ends of the germ-band are shown to be the endodermal rudiments from which the mid-gut epithelium is formed. The invaginations of the stomodaeum and proctodaeum grow against these masses and carry parts of the proliferating areas near their blind ends. It is shown that the various methods of mid-gut formation which have been described could be reconciled with the process described in Carausius. 6. The hinder end of the mid-gut is flanked by two plates of ectoderm which are forward extensions of the proctodaeum. Into these extensions the Malpighian tubules open, and, as their histology is identical with that of these extensions and widely different from that of the mid-gut, these tubules must be ectodermal in nature. 7. The formation of the amnion and serosa are described.

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