Physiological characterisation of antennal mechanosensory descending interneurons in an insect (Gryllus bimaculatus, Gryllus campestris) brain

SUMMARY We investigated five different descending brain interneurons with dendritic arborizations in the deutocerebrum in the crickets Gryllus bimaculatus and G. campestris. These interneurones convey specific antennal mechanosensory information to the ventral nerve cord and all responded to forced antennal movements. These interneurones coded for velocity and showed preferences for distinct sectors of the total range of antennal movements. Their axons descended into the posterior connective either ipsilateral or contalateral to the cell body. Electrical stimulation of sensory nerves indicated that the interneurons received input from different afferents of the two antennal base segments. One interneuron had a particularly large axon with a conduction velocity of 4.4ms−1. This was the only one of the five interneurons that also received visual input. Its activity was reduced during voluntary antennal movements. The reduction in activity occurred even after de-efferentation of the antenna, indicating that it had a central origin. Although we do not have experimental evidence for behavioural roles for the descending antennal mechanosensory interneurons, the properties described here suggest an involvement in the perception of objects in the path of the cricket.

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The distribution of neurones immunoreactive for ?-tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine and serotonin in the ventral nerve cord of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus

Cell and Tissue Research ◽

10.1007/bf00318362 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 280 (3) ◽

pp. 583-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Michael H�rner ◽

Ulrike Sp�rhase-Eichmann ◽

Johannes Helle ◽

Br�ne Venus ◽

Friedrich-Wilhelm Sch�rmann

Keyword(s):

Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽

Nerve Cord ◽

Ventral Nerve Cord ◽

Gryllus Bimaculatus

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Electrical stimulation—Effects on the protein in the ventral nerve cord of cockroach,Periplaneta americana

Proceedings Animal Sciences ◽

10.1007/bf03186348 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 94 (4) ◽

pp. 407-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S L Maheswari ◽

K Balasundaram ◽

V R Selvarajan

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Nerve Cord ◽

Ventral Nerve Cord ◽

Periplaneta Americana

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Relationships between permeable vessels, nerves, and mast cells in rat cutaneous neurogenic inflammation

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1990.68.6.2305 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 2305-2311 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

J. N. Baraniuk ◽

M. L. Kowalski ◽

M. A. Kaliner

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Neurogenic Inflammation ◽

Sensory Nerve ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Sensory Nerves ◽

Neurokinin A ◽

Rat Skin ◽

Protein Extravasation ◽

Stimulation Of

Electrical stimulation of rat sensory nerves produces cutaneous vasodilation and plasma protein extravasation, a phenomenon termed “neurogenic inflammation”. Rat skin on the dorsum of the paw developed neurogenic inflammation after electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve. In tissue sections, the extravasation of the supravital dye monastral blue B identified permeable vessels. Mast cells were identified by toluidine blue stain. Permeable vessels were significantly more dense in the superficial 120 microns of the dermis than in the deeper dermis, whereas mast cells were significantly more frequent in the deeper dermis. The relationships between nociceptive sensory nerve fibers, permeable vessels, and mast cells were examined by indirect immunohistochemistry for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neurokinin A (NKA), and substance P (SP). CGRP-, NKA-, and SP-containing nerves densely innervated the superficial dermis and appeared to innervate the vessels that became permeable during neurogenic inflammation. In contrast, mast cells were not associated with either permeable vessels or nerve fibers. These data suggest that electrical stimulation of rat sensory nerves produces vascular permeability by inducing the release of neuropeptides that may directly stimulate the superficial vascular bed. Mast cells may not be involved in this stage of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation in rat skin.

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Electrical Stimulation of Wound Healing: A Review of Animal Experimental Evidence

Advances in Wound Care ◽

10.1089/wound.2012.0409 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 202-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Giti Torkaman

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Experimental Evidence ◽

Stimulation Of Wound Healing ◽

Stimulation Of

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Interactions between Respiratory, Cardiac and Stepping Rhythms in Decerebrated Cats: Functional Hierarchical Structures of Biological Oscillators

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1634972 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 33 (01) ◽

pp. 129-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. Kawahara ◽

Y. Yamauchi ◽

K. Niizeki ◽

T. Yoshioka

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Respiratory Rhythm ◽

Hierarchical Structures ◽

Heart Beat ◽

Fictive Locomotion ◽

Lateral Gastrocnemius ◽

Mesencephalic Locomotor Region ◽

Biological Oscillators ◽

Central Origin ◽

Stimulation Of

Abstract:Interactions are described of central origin between respiratory, cardiac and stepping rhythms during fictive locomotion in paralyzed, vagotomized, and decerebrated cats. Fictive locomotion was induced by tonic electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR). The coherence between heart beat fluctuation, the efferent discharges of the phrenic, and the lateral gastrocnemius nerves was used to evaluate the strength of the coupling between those three rhythms. The heart beat rhythm was modulated by the centrally generated respiratory and stepping rhythms. The central respiratory rhythm was modulated by the centrally generated stepping rhythm. Based on the present findings, we have proposed a new model concerning the functional hierarchical structures of the three biological oscillators.

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Visual and Multimodal Interneurones in the Ventral Nerve Cord of the Cockroach, Periplaneta Americana

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.59.3.675 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 675-696

Author(s):

R. J. COOTER

Keyword(s):

Nerve Cord ◽

Ventral Nerve Cord ◽

Tactile Stimulation ◽

Periplaneta Americana ◽

Compound Eye ◽

Visual Stimulation ◽

Contralateral Stimulation ◽

Thoracic Nerve ◽

General Properties ◽

Stimulation Of

1. Visual and multimodal units were recorded from the thoracic nerve cord of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, using glass microelectrodes. 2. Compound-eye units could be classified as ON-, OFF- or ON-OFF-units according to their response to visual stimulation. Some were multimodal, firing to both visual and tactile stimulation of the antennae. 3. Although some units were found to be either fired by ipsilateral or by contralateral stimulation only, others were fired by both types of stimulation, often in different ways. 4. Ocellar units were invariably OFF-units, mainly phasic, but one type showed tonic dark-firing in addition to the phasic OFF-burst. 5. The general properties of cockroach visual units are discussed and compared with those reported by other workers for different insects.

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Control of Salivation in the Blowfly Calliphora

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.75.1.189 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 189-201

Author(s):

CHRISTINA M. HANSEN BAY

Keyword(s):

Nerve Cord ◽

Digestive Enzymes ◽

Ventral Nerve Cord ◽

Fluid Secretion ◽

Thoracic Ganglion ◽

Salivary Duct ◽

Thoracic Nerve ◽

Sugar Receptors ◽

Stimulation Of

1. A technique has been developed for collecting saliva from the salivary duct of flies during feeding. 2. In newly emerged flies salivation is evoked by stimulation of the labellar taste papillae by crystalline sugar, by sugar in solution and by water. Only sugars which excite the sugar receptors are effective. 3. In flies which have previously fed, solid sucrose or meat induce regurgitation of the crop contents, or salivation if the crop is empty. Sucrose in solution provokes neither reaction. 4. Saliva always contains digestive enzymes, even if the ingested food requires no digestion. 5. Blood taken from salivating flies stimulates fluid secretion from isolated glands, whereas blood taken from non-salivating flies is ineffective. 6. Section of the cephalo-thoracic nerve cord abolishes salivation in response to feeding. Section of the ventral nerve cord posterior to the thoracic ganglion, or removal of the abdomen, severely reduces but does not abolish the salivatory response. 7. Saliva secreted by mature flies contains 75 mM-Cl− whereas saliva secreted during the first meal after emergence has a higher Cl− concentration (about 165 mM-Cl−) which gradually declines during the first meal.

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Effect of multisegmental electrical stimulation in combination with proprioceptive stimulation of the spinal cord on changes in reflex excitability of motor neurons

10.34014/mpphe.2021-249-251 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

R.N. Yakupov ◽

S.S. Ananiev ◽

D.A. Pavlov ◽

I.V. Antipov ◽

M.V. Balykin

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Motor Neurons ◽

Movement Disorders ◽

Reflex Excitability ◽

Central Origin ◽

Proprioceptive Stimulation ◽

Key Words Electrical Stimulation ◽

Stimulation Of

The study involved 15 men with movement disorders of central origin. We used percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord with the application of electrodes in the projection of the lumbar thickening, proprioceptive stimulation, and their combination. The data obtained showed the effectiveness of the combined course of percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord and proprioceptive stimulation on changes in the excitability of spinal locomotor neural networks. Key words: electrical stimulation, spinal cord, proprioceptive stimulation, rehabilitation, motor neuron.

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