Pelatihan Pembuatan Dan Pengamatan Preparat Kromosom Profase I Meiosis Pada Guru-Guru Biologi Di Lombok Barat

Peran guru biologi yang profesional tidak saja mengajar materi di kelas tetapi juga dapat membimbing praktikum di laboratorium. Agar dapat membimbing praktikum dengan baik, guru biologi harus dibekali keterampilan teknik laboratorium khususnya pada kegiatan praktikum yang membutuhkan keterampilan dan kecermatan, seperti pembuatan sediaan kromosom meiosis dan observasi kromosom di bawah mikroskop. Karena keterbatasan keterampilan tersebut, praktikum pembuatan sediaan kromosom meiosis dan pengamatannya sangat terbatas dilakasanakan oleh guru-guru biologi di Lombok Barat, sehingga konsep genetika yang diberikan di sekolah belum terintegrasi dengan praktikumnya. Oleh sebab itu pelatihan teknik pembuatan preparat kromosom profase I meiosis yang dilanjutkan dengan pengamatannya perlu dikuasai guru-guru biologi. Kegiatan pengabdian ini telah dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 1 Labuapi. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan pelatihan mikroteknik pembuatan preparat mikroskopis squash sel-sel folikel testis untuk pengamatan kromosom meiosis dan melatih keterampilan observasi konfigurasi kromosom subfase profase I meiosis di bawah mikroskop. Metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah pelatihan dan unjuk kerja dalam bentuk praktik, yang dipadukan dengan ceramah, diskusi dan tanya jawab. Kegiatan praktik yang telah dilakukan, yaitu (1) praktik teknik koleksi dan penyimpanan folikel testis, (2) praktik teknik isolasi sel-sel folikel pada testis jangkrik Gryllus campestris, (3) praktik teknik squash sel-sel folikel untuk pembuatan peparat subfase profase I meiosis, (4) praktik observasi struktur khas konfigurasi kromosom pada subfase leptoten, zigoten, pakiten, diploten dan diakinensis dibawah mikroskop, dan (5) praktik visualisasi (pengambilan foto) kromosom subfase tersebut dibawah mikroskop. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa (1) Pengabdian ini memberikan keterampilan sangat berharga bagi guru mitra dalam pembuatan preparat squash sel-sel folikel untuk pengamatan konfigurasi kromosom subfase profase I meiosis dan teknik visualisasinya dibawah mikroskop, (2) Kerja keras dan keseriusan guru mitra sangat mendukung kelancaran praktik pembuatan perangkat pembelajaran preparat squash sel-sel folikel testis, (3) Keterampilan yang diperoleh guru mitra dan preparat yang dihasilkan dari pelatihan ini meupakan modal berhaga untuk perencanaan dan pelaksanaan praktikum siswa pada materi genetika di sekolah

Las especies del infraorden Gryllidea (Orthoptera, Ensifera) de la Colección Entomológica del Centro de Investigación Forestal de Lourizán (Pontevedra)

Se presenta información específica de los ejemplares del infraorden Gryllidea depositados en la Colección Entomológica LOU-Arthr del Centro de Investigación Forestal de Lourizán y se revisa su estado de conocimiento en Galicia. Actualmente la colección cuenta con 450 ejemplares pertenecientes a cuatro de las cinco familias conocidas de la península ibérica (Gryllidae, Trigonidiidae, Mogoplistidae y Gryllotalpidae), seis subfamilias (Gryllinae, Oecanthinae, Trigonidiinae, Nemobiinae, Mogoplistinae y Gryllotalpinae), y 10 táxones [Eugryllodes escalerai (Bolívar, 1894), Gryllus (Gryllus) campestris Linnaeus, 1758, Gryllus (Gryllus) bimaculatus De Geer, 1773, Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis (Latreille, 1804), Oecanthus pellucens pellucens (Scopoli, 1763), Trigonidium (Trigonidium) cicindeloides Rambur, 1838, Nemobius sylvestris sylvestris (Bosc, 1792), Pteronemobius (Stilbonemobius) lineolatus (Brullé, 1835), Pseudomogoplistes vicentae Gorochov, 1996 y Gryllotalpa vineae Bennet-Clark, 1970]. Se citan por primera vez G. (G.) campestris para Lugo, O. pellucens pellucens para Lugo y Ourense, T. (T.) cicindeloides para A Coruña, Pt. (St.) lineolatus para Lugo, Ourense y Pontevedra, E. bordigalensis para Ourense y Pontevedra y G. vineae para Galicia.

RESEARCH ON THE ENTOMOFAUNA OF ORTHOPTERA IN SOME VEGETABLE CROPS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA

Orthoptera comprise an order of common insects, most of which are phytophagous, but there are also predatory orthoptera. They are found all over the world and adapt to the environmental conditions in which they are found. Orthoptera insects are pests of vegetable plants, destroying large areas, so vegetable growers are familiar with them. The research was carried out in the Amărăștii de Jos stationary in 2020 in vegetable crops. The aim of the research was to identify orthoptera species in vegetable crops and two methods were used to collect them: the beer trap method and the Barber soil trap method). Orthopteran insects were identified with the help of specialized determiners, then classified by family down to species level. Orthoptera currently identified in the stationary studied included six species, namely: Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Gryllus campestris, Gryllus desertus, Acrida hungarica, Dociostaurus maroccanus and Calliptamus italicus. The species with the most specimens is Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (42 specimens) and the species with the fewest specimens is Dociostaurus maroccanus (3 specimens).

How to Restore Invertebrate Diversity of Degraded Heathlands? A Case Study on the Reproductive Performance of the Field Cricket Gryllus campestris (L.)

BackgroundNitrogen (NOx, NHy) and acidifying (NOx, NHy, SOx) deposition has reduced the biodiversity of European dry heathlands. Restoration efforts such as sod-cutting (removal of vegetation, litter and humus layer) often shifted these systems from N to P limitation and have had limited success in restoring the invertebrate community. Possible reasons for this include the unresolved acidification and a change in food plant stoichiometry. Here, we investigate how liming and P addition change food nutritional quality and their consequences for invertebrate performance.MethodsWe performed feeding experiments with field crickets (Gryllus campestris), using plant material collected from a full factorial field experiment with liming and P addition. We related female reproduction as measure of individual fitness to elemental ratios of plants fed to the crickets.ResultsP addition stimulated cricket daily reproduction and shortened their reproductive period, resulting in no difference in total reproduction. Liming greatly reduced both daily and total reproduction and resulted in more females cannibalizing on their male mates. Females that did so could partly offset the liming induced reduction in reproduction, suggesting dietary deficiency. P-addition improved food quality (lower N:P ratios) while liming led to skewed Mn:Mg and Fe:Mg ratios that compare unfavorably to ratios found in terrestrial invertebrates.ConclusionIncreased plant N:P ratio following sod-cutting constrains the reproductive potential in Gryllus campestris in a non-linear way. Liming reduced nutritional quality, likely by inducing deficiencies in Fe or Mn.Management ImplicationsHigh-impact restoration management practices such as sod cutting and liming cause new problems for invertebrates rooted in ecological stoichiometry. Since P-addition only partially offsets these negative effects, we instead advocate the use of less intensive N removal management and weaker buffering agents to reduce soil acidification. Furthermore, a reduction in N emission is paramount as it will remove the need for disruptive interventions.

Slower senescence in a wild insect population in years with a more female-biased sex ratio

Life-history theories of senescence are based on the existence of a trade-off in resource allocation between body maintenance and reproduction. This putative trade-off means that environmental and demographic factors affecting the costs of reproduction should be associated with changes in patterns of senescence. In many species, competition among males is a major component of male reproductive investment, and hence variation in the sex ratio is expected to affect rates of senescence. We test this prediction using nine years of demographic and behavioural data from a wild population of the annual field cricket Gryllus campestris. Over these generations, the sex ratio at adulthood varied substantially, from years with an equal number of each sex to years with twice as many females as males. Consistent with the predictions of theory, we found that in years with a greater proportion of females, both sexes experienced a slower increase in mortality rate with age. Additionally, phenotypic senescence in males was slower in years when there were more females. Sex ratio did not affect the baseline mortality rate in males, but females suffered higher age-independent mortality rates when males were in short supply.