The Effect of Extraneous Factors on the Development of Test Methods

1970 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. W. Hall

Comparative testing of cars for a quarterly consumer magazine poses a particular set of problems. The main ones are time and the designing of apparatus to produce objective comparisons between cars. A subsidiary, but important, problem is the need to produce information which is technically valid and yet readily interpretable by a non-technical public. A test unit is described, and a typical test programme is outlined. Examples are given of the way in which particular problems have been overcome: in particular, the evolution of equipment for measuring acceleration, which has reduced the time necessary for testing by 75 per cent, is described. The development of comparative tests for handling is discussed, and the difficulty of defining a simple measurement of the noise inside a car is used as an example of the difficulty of producing objective measurements which correlate with subjective impressions. It is concluded that, whilst rationalization of test methods is often both desirable and practicable, it is sometimes necessary for individual organizations to retain their own particular methods.

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Aiguier ◽  
Ghassan Chebbo ◽  
Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski ◽  
Peter Hedges ◽  
Naomi Tyack

Recently, research has shown that a settling process is an efficient treatment for the removal of suspended solids from storm sewage. In order to design settling tanks, there is a need to determine the settling velocity characteristics of these solids. Devices and test methods for measuring settling velocities of solids in storm sewage have been developed by researchers. A literature review has revealed that the settling velocity profiles obtained with some methods (Chebbo, 1992), (Michelbach and Wohrle, 1993) and (Tyack et al., 1993) are very different. In order to explain why the results are different and to quantify the influence of the experimental procedure on the settling velocity grading curves, we have compared the selected methods when tested with the same sample and we have studied the effects of the conservation of the sample before the test, of the concentration of solids in the device and of the nature of the water on the settling velocity profiles. The results of the comparative tests indicate that the settling velocities are significantly lower with both the Cergrene and Aston methods than with the UFT test procedure. Moreover, the study has shown that the settling characteristics of solids change with time, that the use of sewage liquor rather than demineralised water or drinking water can change the results of the measurement and that the higher the concentration of solids, the greater the velocity of settled particles.


2011 ◽  
Vol 282-283 ◽  
pp. 492-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Hua Qian ◽  
Qi Tian Bao ◽  
Shun An Cao ◽  
Rui Liu

Failure in transformers could be caused by the corrosive sulfur in their oil. Preliminary studies on the test of corrosive sulfur in transformer oil and temperature are performed. The comparison among their results of their typical test methods for corrosive sulfur is discussed. It is illustrated that the corrosive-sulfur sensitivity is varied with the test conditions. Temperature is the important factor for the reaction of corrosive sulfur with copper. We have done experiments of specimen immersing and mercaptan content in oil, so we can confirm that high temperature enhances the reaction.


1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Lucas-Aiguier ◽  
Ghassan Chebbo ◽  
Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski ◽  
Benoit Gagné ◽  
Peter Hedges

In order to optimise the design and the management of sewer networks and settling tanks, there is a need to determine the settling velocity characteristics of sewage and stormwater solids. Devices and test methods for measuring settling velocities of these solids have been developed (Chebbo, 1992), (Michelbach and Wohrle, 1993) and (Tyack et al., 1993). In order to quantify the influence of the experimental procedure on the settling velocity grading curves, we have compared three selected methods (Cergrene, Aston, Camp) when tested with the same sample with the method developed by UFT (Michelbach and Wohrle, 1993). The results of the comparative tests indicate that the settling velocities are significantly higher with the UFT test procedure than the other methods. This is mainly explained by the fact that the UFT method takes only settleable solids into account. When the calculations of the four methods are made with the total mass of SS, the study has shown that the settling velocity curves of the same samples are different. The differences vary between the nature of the samples and the test procedures which were compared. The influence of the experimental procedure for separating a sample by settling velocities fractions is demonstrated. In conclusion, we explain the need to develop an international test procedure in order to be able to compare the results.


2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
Harro Bauer ◽  
Elke Fischle ◽  
Lothar Gehm ◽  
Wolfgang Marquardt ◽  
Thomas Mezger ◽  
...  

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
Harro Bauer ◽  
Elke Fischle ◽  
Lothar Gehm ◽  
Wolfgang Marquardt ◽  
Thomas Mezger ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-240
Author(s):  
Lien Herlina

Tujuan penelitian ini merupakan buat tingkatkan hasil berlatih pelajar dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Materi Narasi Cerita binatang memakai tata cara menceritakan lewat alat Boneka Tangan. Tipe penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Aksi Kategori dengan tata cara kegiatan golongan serta perlengkapan peraga boneka tangan( hand puppet). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus, tiap siklus mencakup pemograman, penerapan, pemantauan serta refleksi. Subyek penelitian ini merupakan pelajar kategori VII- A SMP Negara 1 Rancaekek Kabupaten Bandung tahun pelajaran 2016- 2017 beberapa 33 pelajar. Pengumpulan informasi dalam penelitian ini memakai metode uji serta pemantauan dengan metode analisa cerita yang mencakup penyajian informasi serta pencabutan kesimpulan. Bersumber pada hasil penelitian terjalin ekskalasi hasil berlatih pelajar ialah dari 37% pra siklus, bertambah jadi 63% pada siklus I serta 93% pada siklus II. Kenaikan angka minimun dari 40 pada pra siklus, jadi 50 pada siklus I, serta jadi 70 pada siklus II. Kenaikan angka maksimum dari 80 pada pra aksi, jadi 90 pada siklus II serta jadi 100 pada siklus II. Ada pula ekskalasi angka pada umumnya kategori bila pada pra siklus angka pada umumnya yang digapai merupakan 67, 4 kemudian bertambah jadi 71, 6 pada siklus I serta jadi 81, 8 pada siklus II. Dengan begitu bisa disimpulkan kalau dengan memakai tata cara menceritakan lewat alat Hand Puppet bisa tingkatkan hasil berlatih  Bahasa Indonesia materi Cerita Fabel siswa kelas VII-A SMP Negeri 1 Rancaekek Kabupaten Bandung tahun pelajaran 2016-2017. The purpose of this research is to improve the results of the practice of students in upgrading Indonesian. Narrative material Animal stories use the way of telling stories through hand puppets. This type of research is a Category Action Research with group activity procedures and hand puppet props. This research was conducted in 2 cycles, each cycle covering programming, application, monitoring and reflection. The subjects of this study were students of the VII-A category of SMP Negara 1 Rancaekek Bandung Regency in the 2016-2017 school year some 33 students. Collecting information in this study uses test methods and monitoring with story analysis methods that include presenting information and drawing conclusions. Based on the research results, the escalation of students' training results was from 37% pre-cycle, increased to 63% in cycle I and 93% in cycle II. The increase in the minimum number is from 40 in the pre-cycle, to 50 in the first cycle, and to 70 in the second cycle. Increase in the maximum number from 80 in pre-action, to 90 in cycle II and to 100 in cycle II. There is also an escalation of numbers in general categories if in the pre-cycle the number reached is 67.4 then increases to 71.6 in cycle I and becomes 81.8 in cycle II. That way it can be concluded that by using the method of telling through the Hand Puppet tool, it can improve the results of practicing Indonesian Language Fable Story material for VII-A grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Rancaekek, Bandung Regency, 2016-2017.


1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Packer ◽  
John Brady

AbstractVideo was used to provide objective measurements of the behaviour of tsetse around an electric net. Data were collected on: (1) the number and behaviour of flies which actively avoided the net; (2) the number and fate of flies which hit the net; (3) the distribution on the ground around the net of electrocuted flies. This allowed estimates to be made of net efficiency (=No. of flies sampled/No. sampled + No. escaped%). The three components of an electric net system (netting/grids, inverter-transformer (‘spark box’) and battery) were varied to determine the effect of each on efficiency: neither the condition (age) of the netting/grids nor the design or condition of the ‘spark boxes’ had a significant effect on efficiency, but efficiency was lower with partly-charged batteries than with fully-charged ones. When account was not taken of flies which behaviourally avoided the net, the best system had an efficiency of 55% (range 49–61%), (cf. a previous estimate of 94%); when the behavioural avoiders were included in the estimate the efficiency was only 46% (range 43–49%). The efficiency of the system is discussed in terms of the way the high voltage across the electric grid is generated, and also how it might affect interpretation of sample data.


Author(s):  
Charles A. Carlson ◽  
Jeffrey R. Friedman

As gas turbine fleets age and newer technologies become available, there are opportunities to improve gas-turbine based power plant performance by physical modifications to both hardware and software. Mechanical modifications can include, but are not limited to, upgrades to turbine and/or compressor blades and vanes, replacement of seals, and the cleaning, repair, or refurbishment of existing engine components. Controls modifications can include upgrades to the engine logic designed to improve operation and reliability as well as gas turbine and plant performance. It is a challenge to determine the effects of the modernizations and upgrades by test, usually known as “comparative testing”. This is particularly true when another maintenance activity that affects performance takes place during the outage in which the modification occurs. Other difficulties arise when part load testing of gas turbine or plant performance is desired. This paper details some of the difficulties met in such testing, and the proposed optimized test protocols and agreements to meet these challenges.


1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally F. Bloomfield ◽  
M. Arthur ◽  
K. Begun ◽  
H. Patel

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Yan Ding ◽  
Jia Xin Liu ◽  
Yi Xiang Zhang ◽  
Ren Jie Dong ◽  
Chang Le Pang

In this paper, three typical test methods for thermal efficiency of biomass stoves were discussed. The effect factors such as operation process, test ending time, pot sizes, amount of water on the thermal efficiency of domestic biomass cookstoves were studied. The results show that the test ending time and the amount of water used have major impacts on thermal efficiency. The amount of water is in positive correlation with the thermal efficiency of the stove (R=0.92) when the heat needed for the selected amount of water is less than actual power output of stoves. The thermal efficiency is more controllable and accurate when the test ending time is 2 °C lower than the boiling point and the amount of water is selected according to the actual power output of stoves.


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