INCREASED VASCULAR TRANSPORT CAPACITY OF RAT HINDLIMB SKELETAL MUSCLE AFTER VOLUNTARY RUNNING-WHEEL EXERCISE

To test the hypothesis that voluntary running-wheel exercise would elicit vascular adaptations in rat skeletal muscle, male Sprague-Dawley rats (202 +/- 5 g) were cage confined (C, n = 11) or housed in cages with free access to running wheels (R, n = 13) for 12 wk. Vascular transport capacity was determined in maximally vasodilated (papaverine) hindquarters of C and R rats with measurements of total and regional (radiolabeled microspheres) flow capacity and capillary filtration coefficient. R rats voluntarily ran 29 +/- 4 km/wk over the 12-wk period; however, performance of individual rats varied greatly (range 4–74 km/wk). Citrate synthase activity was increased in the medial head (81%, P < 0.001) and the red long head (88%, P < 0.001) of the triceps brachii muscle in R rats but not in the white long head (25%, P = 0.06). Capillary filtration coefficient was 27% greater in R compared with C rats (0.040 +/- 0.003 vs. 0.031 +/- 0.002 ml.min-1.100 g-1.mmHg-1, respectively, P < 0.001) suggesting that there was an increase in microvascular surface area available for fluid exchange. Total hindquarters flow was increased in R rats (P < 0.05) at all perfusion pressures examined, indicative of an increased flow capacity. Regional flows revealed that skin flow was unchanged in R rats and that the increase in total flow was due to increased skeletal muscle flow capacity. These results indicate that voluntary running-wheel exercise elicits adaptive increases in skeletal muscle vascular transport capacity and oxidative capacity comparable to those seen in treadmill-trained rats and support the use of voluntary running-wheel exercise as a less stressful training modality in exercise studies using rats.

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A combination of exercise and capsinoid supplementation additively suppresses diet-induced obesity by increasing energy expenditure in mice

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00354.2014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 308 (4) ◽

pp. E315-E323 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Kana Ohyama ◽

Yoshihito Nogusa ◽

Katsuya Suzuki ◽

Kosaku Shinoda ◽

Shingo Kajimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Whole Body ◽

Voluntary Running ◽

Running Wheel Exercise ◽

Body Energy

Exercise effectively prevents the development of obesity and obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Capsinoids (CSNs) are capsaicin analogs found in a nonpungent pepper that increase whole body energy expenditure. Although both exercise and CSNs have antiobesity functions, the effectiveness of exercise with CSN supplementation has not yet been investigated. Here, we examined whether the beneficial effects of exercise could be further enhanced by CSN supplementation in mice. Mice were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) high-fat diet (HFD, Control), 2) HFD containing 0.3% CSNs, 3) HFD with voluntary running wheel exercise (Exercise), and 4) HFD containing 0.3% CSNs with voluntary running wheel exercise (Exercise + CSN). After 8 wk of ingestion, blood and tissues were collected and analyzed. Although CSNs significantly suppressed body weight gain under the HFD, CSN supplementation with exercise additively decreased body weight gain and fat accumulation and increased whole body energy expenditure compared with exercise alone. Exercise together with CSN supplementation robustly improved metabolic profiles, including the plasma cholesterol level. Furthermore, this combination significantly prevented diet-induced liver steatosis and decreased the size of adipocyte cells in white adipose tissue. Exercise and CSNs significantly increased cAMP levels and PKA activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT), indicating an increase of lipolysis. Moreover, they significantly activated both the oxidative phosphorylation gene program and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. These results indicate that CSNs efficiently promote the antiobesity effect of exercise, in part by increasing energy expenditure via the activation of fat oxidation in skeletal muscle and lipolysis in BAT.

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Skeletal Muscle Vascular Transport Capacity in Diabetic Rats

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diab.43.2.225 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 225-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

W. L. Sexton

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Transport Capacity ◽

Vascular Transport

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Skeletal muscle vascular transport capacity in diabetic rats

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diabetes.43.2.225 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 225-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

W. L. Sexton

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Transport Capacity ◽

Vascular Transport

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181 COLLAGEN FIBRIL ORIENTATION, GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS AND OSTEOARTHROSIS IN ARTICULAR CARTILAGE OF GROWING AND ADULT HAMSTERS AND EFFECTS OF VOLUNTARY RUNNING WHEEL EXERCISE

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage ◽

10.1016/s1063-4584(07)61814-7 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. C107-C108

Author(s):

E.P. HalmesmÃd'ki ◽

T. NÃd'rhi ◽

J.T. Holopainen ◽

J. Rieppo ◽

M.M. Hyttinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Articular Cartilage ◽

Collagen Fibril ◽

Running Wheel ◽

Voluntary Running ◽

Running Wheel Exercise

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Pro-inflammatory Vascular Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Associated With High Physical Activity Cannot Be Attenuated by Aldosterone Blockade

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.3389/fcvm.2021.699283 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Rolf Schreckenberg ◽

Annemarie Wolf ◽

Christian Troidl ◽

Sakine Simsekyilmaz ◽

Klaus-Dieter Schlüter

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Vascular Wall ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Running Wheel ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

High Physical Activity ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Voluntary Running ◽

Running Wheel Exercise ◽

Wheel Activity

The effect of high physical activity, performed as voluntary running wheel exercise, on inflammation and vascular adaptation may differ between normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). We investigated the effects of running wheel activity on leukocyte mobilization, neutrophil migration into the vascular wall (aorta), and transcriptional adaptation of the vascular wall and compared and combined the effects of high physical activity with that of pharmacological treatment (aldosterone antagonist spironolactone). At the start of the 6th week of life, before hypertension became established in SHRs, rats were provided with a running wheel over a period of 10-months'. To investigate to what extent training-induced changes may underlie a possible regression, controls were also generated by removal of the running wheel for the last 4 months. Aldosterone blockade was achieved upon oral administration of Spironolactone in the corresponding treatment groups for the last 4 months. The number of circulating blood cells was quantified by FACS analysis of peripheral blood. mRNA expression of selected proteins was quantified by RT-PCR. Histology and confocal laser microscopy were used to monitor cell migration. Although voluntary running wheel exercise reduced the number of circulating neutrophils in normotensive rats, it rather increased it in SHRs. Furthermore, running wheel activity in SHRs but not normotensive rats increased the number of natural killer (NK)-cells. Except of the increased expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and reduction of von Willebrand factor (vWF), running wheel activity exerted a different transcriptional response in the vascular tissue of normotensive and hypertensive rats, i.e., lack of reduction of the pro-inflammatory IL-6 in vessels from hypertensive rats. Spironolactone reduced the number of neutrophils; however, in co-presence with high physical activity this effect was blunted. In conclusion, although high physical activity has beneficial effects in normotensive rats, this does not predict similar beneficial effects in the concomitant presence of hypertension and care has to be taken on interactions between pharmacological approaches and high physical activity in hypertensives.

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