Correlation between External Shoulder Rotation Strength and Posterior Shoulder Range of Motion in Professional Baseball Players

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S474
Author(s):  
Mike Moline ◽  
Kevin Laudner ◽  
Keith Meister
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Posterior Shoulder ◽  
Rotation Strength ◽  
Shoulder Range

Lack of a Relationship Between Glenohumeral External-Rotation Strength and Posterior Shoulder Tightness in Baseball Players

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin G. Laudner ◽  
Mike Moline ◽  
Keith Meister
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Professional Baseball ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Posterior Shoulder ◽  
Rotation Strength ◽  
Posterior Shoulder Tightness ◽  
Throwing Motion

Context:Posterior shoulder tightness has been associated with altered shoulder range of motion (ROM) and several pathologic entities in baseball players. This tightness is hypothesized to be the result of the cumulative stress placed on the posterior shoulder during the deceleration phase of the throwing motion. The role of the posterior shoulder static restraints is to absorb this load while the glenohumeral (GH) external rotators eccentrically decelerate the arm after ball release and therefore also help dissipate this force. As such, the authors hypothesized that if the GH external rotators are weak, an excessive amount of this deceleration force is placed on the static restraints, which may lead to subsequent tightness.Objective:To compare the relationship between GH external-rotation strength and posterior shoulder tightness as measured by GH horizontal-adduction and internal-rotation ROM.Design:Descriptive study.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:45 professional baseball players.Main Outcome Measures:GH external-rotation strength and GH horizontal-adduction and internalrotation ROM.Results:GH external-rotation strength showed no relationship with either GH horizontal-adduction ROM (r2 = .02, P = .40) or GH internal-rotation ROM (r2 = .002, P = .77).Conclusion:There is little to no relationship between GH external-rotation strength and posterior shoulder tightness in professional baseball players. The posterior static restraints of the shoulder may absorb a large majority of the deceleration forces during the throwing motion. Although strengthening of the posterior shoulder dynamic restraints should not be overlooked, routine stretching of the static restraints may be more beneficial for decreasing posterior shoulder tightness and the subsequent risks associated with this tightness, although future research is warranted.

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of Sleeper Stretches on Shoulder Range of Motion

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin G. Laudner ◽  
Robert C. Sipes ◽  
James T. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Posterior Shoulder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Shoulder Motion ◽  
Posterior Shoulder Tightness ◽  
Shoulder Range

Abstract Context: The deceleration phase of the throwing motion creates large distraction forces at the shoulder, which may result in posterior shoulder tightness and ensuing alterations in shoulder range of motion (ROM) and may result in an increased risk of shoulder injury. Researchers have hypothesized that various stretching options increase this motion, but few data on the effectiveness of treating such tightness are available. Objective: To evaluate the acute effects of “sleeper stretches” on shoulder ROM. Design: Descriptive with repeated measures. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory and 2 separate collegiate athletic training facilities. Patients or Other Participants: Thirty-three National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I baseball players (15 pitchers, 18 position players; age  =  19.8 ± 1.3 years, height  =  184.7 ± 6.4 cm, mass  =  84.8 ± 7.7 kg) and 33 physically active male college students (age  =  20.1 ± 0.6 years, height  =  179.6 ± 6.6 cm, mass  =  83.4 ± 11.3 kg) who reported no recent participation (within 5 years) in overhead athletic activities. Intervention(s): Range-of-motion measurements of the dominant shoulder were assessed before and after completion of 3 sets of 30-second passive sleeper stretches among the baseball players. The ROM measurements in the nonthrower group were taken using identical methods as those in the baseball group, but this group did not perform any stretch or movement between measurements. Main Outcome Measure(s): Internal and external glenohumeral rotation ROM and posterior shoulder motion (glenohumeral horizontal adduction). Results: In the baseball group, posterior shoulder tightness, internal rotation ROM, and external rotation ROM were −3.5° ± 7.7°, 43.8° ± 9.5°, and 118.6° ± 10.9°, respectively, before the stretches and were −1.2° ± 8.8°, 46.9° ± 9.8°, and 119.2° ± 11.0°, respectively, after the stretches. These data revealed increases in posterior shoulder motion (P  =  .01, effect size  =  0.30) and in internal shoulder rotation (P  =  .003, effect size  =  0.32) after application of the stretches. No other differences were observed in the baseball group, and no differences were noted in the nonthrower group. Conclusions: Based on our results, the sleeper stretches produced a statistically significant acute increase in posterior shoulder flexibility. However, this change in motion may not be clinically significant.

Effects of Non-Assisted Posterior Shoulder Stretches on Shoulder Range of Motion Among Collegiate Baseball Pitchers

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakiki Oyama ◽  
Candice P. Goerger ◽  
Benjamin M. Goerger ◽  
Scott M. Lephart ◽  
Joseph B. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Posterior Shoulder ◽  
Collegiate Baseball ◽  
Baseball Pitchers ◽  
Shoulder Range

Shoulder Range of Motion Deficits in Baseball Players With an Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2597-2603 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Craig Garrison ◽  
Mollie A. Cole ◽  
John E. Conway ◽  
Michael J. Macko ◽  
Charles Thigpen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Ulnar Collateral Ligament ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elbow Extension ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Elbow Injury ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Shoulder Range

Background: Shoulder range of motion (ROM) deficits are associated with elbow injury in baseball players. Purpose: To compare the ROM characteristics of baseball players with a diagnosed ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tear with those of a group of age-, activity-, and position-matched healthy controls. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Sixty male competitive high school and collegiate baseball players participated. Thirty athletes (age [mean ± standard deviation], 18.20 ± 1.56 years) with a diagnosed UCL tear were compared with 30 (age, 18.57 ± 0.86 years) age-, activity-, and position-matched players without a UCL injury. Of the 60 participants, there were 44 pitchers, 4 catchers, 5 infielders, and 7 outfielders. Participants were measured for shoulder internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), and horizontal adduction (HA) at 90° of shoulder elevation. Participants were also measured for elbow extension in a seated position. Group comparisons were made between participants with and without a UCL injury using independent t tests with an α level set at P < .05. All measurements were taken bilaterally, and the differences (involved to uninvolved) were used to calculate means for all variables, including glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD), total rotational motion (TRM), HA, and elbow extension. Results: Baseball players with a UCL tear (UCLInj) exhibited significantly greater deficits in TRM compared with the control group of healthy baseball players (NUCLInj) (UCLInj = −6.67° ± 11.82°, NUCLInj = 0.93° ± 9.91°; P = .009). No group differences were present for GIRD (UCLInj = −12.53° ± 5.98°, NUCLInj = −13.63° ± 5.90°; P = .476), HA (UCLInj = −3.00° ± 5.01°, NUCLInj = −3.23° ± 5.15°; P = .860), or elbow extension (UCLInj = −2.63° ± 7.86°, NUCLInj = −1.17° ± 2.76°; P = .339). Pitchers with a UCL tear had significantly greater deficits in TRM (UCLInjPitch = −6.96° ± 11.20°, NUCLInjPitch = 1.29° ± 8.33°; P = .0087) and dominant shoulder ER (UCLInjPitch = 112.04° ± 14.35°, NUCLInjPitch = 121.85° ± 9.46°; P = .011) than pitchers without a UCL tear. Conclusion: A deficit in TRM is associated with a UCL tear in baseball players. Although GIRD may be prevalent in throwers, it may not be associated with a UCL injury. When examining ROM in baseball players, it is important to assess both TRM and GIRD.

Relationship between humeral torsion angle and shoulder range of motion among juvenile baseball players

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Yamamoto ◽  
Tsutomu Kobayashi ◽  
Tsuyoshi Tajika ◽  
Hitoshi Shitara ◽  
Tetsuya Kaneko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Torsion Angle ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Humeral Torsion ◽  
Shoulder Range

Mechanisms of Shoulder Range of Motion Deficits in Asymptomatic Baseball Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2783-2793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lane B. Bailey ◽  
Ellen Shanley ◽  
Richard Hawkins ◽  
Paul F. Beattie ◽  
Stacy Fritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽  
Shoulder Range
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