Foot Arch Height and Rigidity Index Associated with Balance in Elderly Men

Abstract This study examined the relationships between the foot bone morphologies and sprint performance in sprinters. Foot images in 56 male sprinters obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. The relative lengths of the forefoot bones of the big and second toes, which were calculated as total lengths of the forefoot bones for each toe normalized to the foot length, correlated significantly with personal best 100-m sprint time (r = − 0.293 and − 0.459, both Ps < 0.05). The relative lengths of the rearfoot talus and calcaneus normalized to the foot length also correlated significantly with the sprint performance (r = − 0.378 and − 0.496, both Ps < 0.05). Furthermore, the relative height of the calcaneus, but not the talus, normalized to body height correlated significantly with sprint performance (r = − 0.690, P < 0.001). Additionally, the relative calcaneus height correlated significantly with the foot arch height index (r = 0.420, P = 0.001), and the foot arch height index correlated significantly with sprint performance (r = − 0.517, P < 0.001). These findings suggest that the taller calcaneus may be a key morphological factor for achieving superior sprint performance, potentially via modeling the longer forefoot and rearfoot bones and functional foot morphology in sprinters.

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Relationships Between Self-awareness and Clinical Diagnostic Findings of Abnormal Foot Arch Height in Koreans

Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine ◽

10.5535/arm.2017.41.6.1013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 1013

Author(s):

Youngsuk Son ◽

Hyo Jeong Kang ◽

Yun-Mi Song ◽

Ji Hye Hwang

Keyword(s):

Self Awareness ◽

Arch Height ◽

Clinical Diagnostic ◽

Foot Arch

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Reliability of a New Method to Determine Foot Arch Height for Clinicians

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/18-007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 (3) ◽

pp. 187-192

Author(s):

James A. Charles ◽

Clare Mignot ◽

Herbert F. Jelinek

Keyword(s):

Gold Standard ◽

Routine Clinical Practice ◽

Arch Height ◽

Linear Modeling ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Foot Arch ◽

Arch Index ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Processing Steps

Background: Arch height is an important indicator of risk of foot pathology. The current non-invasive gold standard based on footprint information requires extensive pre-processing. Methods used to obtain arch height that are accurate and easier to use are required in routine clinical practice. Methods: The proposed arch index diagonals (AId) method for determining the arch index (AI) reduces the complexity of the preprocessing steps. All footprints were first prepared as required by the Cavanagh and Rodgers method for determining the AI and then compared to the proposed diagonals method. Results were classified according to the Cavanagh and Rodgers cut-off values into three groups of low, normal and high AI. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were applied to identify significant differences between AI groups. Linear modeling was applied to determine the fit of the new AId method compared to the Cavanagh and Rodgers AI. Results: One hundred and ninety-six footprints were analyzed. The ANOVA indicated significant differences between the groups for AId (F1,194=94.49, p<0.0001) and the Tukey post hoc tests indicated significant differences between the pair-wise comparisons (p<0.001). Linear modeling indicated that the AId ratio classified more footprints in the high arch group compared to Cavanagh and Rodgers results (R2=32%, p< 0.01). Intra- and inter-rater correspondence was above 90% and confirmed that the AId results provided a better indication of arch height. Conclusions: The proposed method simplifies current processing steps to derive the arch height.

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The influence of foot orthoses on foot mobility magnitude and arch height index in adults with flexible flat feet

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.1177/0309364614521652 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 190-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Roghaye Sheykhi-Dolagh ◽

Hassan Saeedi ◽

Behshid Farahmand ◽

Mojtaba Kamyab ◽

Mohammad Kamali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Bearing ◽

Foot Orthoses ◽

Arch Height ◽

Flat Foot ◽

Dynamic Mobility ◽

Flat Feet ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Foot Arch ◽

Foot Mobility ◽

Foot Orthosis

Background:Flexible flat foot is described as a reduction in the height of the medial longitudinal arch and may occur from abnormal foot pronation. A foot orthosis is thought to modify and control excessive pronation and improve arch height.Objective:To compare the immediate effect of three types of orthoses on foot mobility and the arch height index in subjects with flexible flat feet.Study design:A quasi-experimental study.Method:The dorsal arch height, midfoot width, foot mobility and arch height index were assessed in 20 participants with flexible flat feet (mean age = 23.2 ± 3 years) for three different foot orthosis conditions: soft, semi-rigid and rigid University of California Biomechanics Laboratory (UCBL).Results:Maximum midfoot width at 90% with arch mobility in the coronal plane was shown in the semi-rigid orthosis condition. The semi-rigid orthosis resulted in the highest mean foot mobility in 90% of weight bearing, and the rigid orthosis (UCBL) had the lowest mean foot mobility. The soft orthosis resulted in foot mobility between that of the rigid and the semi-rigid orthosis. UCBL orthosis showed the highest arch height index, and the semi-rigid orthosis showed the lowest mean arch height index.Conclusion:Due to its rigid structure and long medial–lateral walls, the UCBL orthosis appears to limit foot mobility. Therefore, it is necessary to make an orthosis that facilitates foot mobility in the normal range of the foot arch. Future studies should address the dynamic mobility of the foot with using various types of foot orthoses.Clinical relevanceAlthough there are many studies focussed on flat foot and the use of foot orthoses, the mechanism of action is still unclear. This study explored foot mobility and the influence of foot orthoses and showed that a more rigid foot orthosis should be selected based on foot mobility.

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The Association Of Foot Arch Height And Running Performance

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-200505001-00822 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 37 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S153

Author(s):

Jeanna M. Fascione ◽

Danielle A. Michel ◽

Steven B. Hammer ◽

Steven E. Riechman

Keyword(s):

Arch Height ◽

Running Performance ◽

Foot Arch

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Validity of Visual Assessment of the Plantar Surface as an Estimate of Foot Arch Height

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000321854.07140.a3 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S93

Author(s):

David I. Swedler ◽

Joseph J. Knapik ◽

Keith G. Hauret ◽

Steven H. Bullock ◽

Kelly Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Assessment ◽

Arch Height ◽

Plantar Surface ◽

Foot Arch

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Toe Flexor Strength and Foot Arch Height in Children

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/mss.0000000000000402 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 350-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

NORITERU MORITA ◽

JUNICHIRO YAMAUCHI ◽

TOSHIYUKI KURIHARA ◽

RYOSUKE FUKUOKA ◽

MITSUO OTSUKA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arch Height ◽

Foot Arch ◽

Toe Flexor Strength ◽

Flexor Strength

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Photographic Estimation of Arch Height of Adult Bangladeshi Male

Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy ◽

10.3329/bja.v10i2.17284 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 59-62

Author(s):

M Tanveer Hossain Parash ◽

Humaira Naushaba ◽

Md Ashfaqur Rahman ◽

Sadia Choudhury Shimmi

Keyword(s):

Standing Position ◽

Arch Height ◽

Predisposing Factor ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Third World Country ◽

Index Measurement ◽

Foot Arch ◽

Rearfoot Eversion ◽

Alternative Idea

Context: The height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot is commonly thought to be a predisposing factor to injuries. High-arched runners exhibit more bony, ankle and lateral injuries but low-arched runners reveal a higher risk of soft tissue, knee and medial injuries. Moreover high-arched and low-arched people have greater rearfoot eversion excursions than those with normal arch structure. So, it is important to have relatively easy and reliable way to measure the height of foot arch. The most reliable and valid way of measuring the foot arch is by the arch height index measurement system (AHIMS). The AHIMS can be costly to buy or construct for a third world country like Bangladesh. An alternative idea developed recently involved the use of digital photography to assess the arch height. Study design: Cross sectional, analytical type of study. Place and period of the study: Department of Anatomy, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka from July 2010 to June 2011. Materials and Method: A total number of 110 medical students of 3rd and 4th year were chosen by purposive sampling. Results: The values of arch height were 6.04 cm to 8.78 cm in sitting position and 4.83 cm to 7.03 cm in standing position respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v10i2.17284 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, July 2012, Vol. 10 No. 2 pp 59-62

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