Existing and Emerging Students’ Alternative Ideas on Geodynamic Phenomena: Development, Controlling Factors, Characteristics

This paper studies Greek junior high school students’ alternative ideas, both initial and synthetic, on geodynamic phenomena. It comments in detail on students’ concepts on Earth structure, earthquake occurrence, volcano formation, and relief change. Additionally, it attempts to trace and interpret how and why these ideas form (concept development), presenting that initial and synthetic ones are indissolubly attached and utterly directed by environmental interaction. Data analysis verifies that curriculum inadequacy and false scientific terminology in textbooks enforce the generation of alternative ideas. New synthetic alternative ideas on geodynamic phenomena are presented which are mainly characterized by intermittent and fragmentary perspective. Furthermore, the characteristics of both initial and synthetic alternative ideas are outlined, giving emphasis on the facts that students represent geodynamic phenomena as instantaneous events and that they are able to describe the repeatability of the phenomena, but they show difficulty in capturing their continuity. Finally, more factors that control alternative idea development on geodynamic phenomena are highlighted—such as (i) lack of continuous thinking, (ii) distribution, intensity and frequency of geodynamic phenomena, and (iii) current affairs (i.e., pollution, technology evolution, human intervention)—hoping that their revelation will lead to alternative ideas’ decomposition and thus to pure scientific knowledge.

On the spontaneous beauty of cities: neither design nor chaos

A clear bridge connecting the theory of spontaneous order and the issue of beauty in and for cities has not yet been developed. After a general exploration of the concept of beauty, this article builds an alternative idea of beauty, namely, beauty as spontaneity. In particular, it argues that beauty in the urban realm greatly depends on forms and orders that can hardly be comprehensively designed but rather emerge as the result of the freedom granted to multiple urban agents to express themselves in space. In this article the works of Jacobs and Romano are analysed and explored. Starting from some of their main ideas, the paper suggests certain planning and design tactics to nurture this kind of beauty and provides some essential ethical principles.

Epistemic Reasons as Right-Kind Reasons

Chapter 7 takes up the question of how we can determine whether some putative reasons for or against belief count as epistemic or not. It is argued that this is a special case of a much broader question as to how we can determine whether some putative reasons for or against any attitude count as bearing on the distinctive rationality of that kind of attitude, and that answers to the narrower question about belief should be informed by answers to the broader question about attitudes in general. The object-given/state-given theory is introduced as a prominent candidate to answer the general question, but shown to be inadequate. The alternative idea that the right-kind/wrong-kind distinction for each attitude derives from the nature of that attitude is defended and illustrated with representative cases. Finally, the implications of this account of the right-kind/wrong-kind distinction are drawn out for the case of belief by showing how different plausible theories of the nature of belief can result in different plausible answers to which of the reasons against belief identified in Chapter 6 are genuinely epistemic.

Spiritualitas Dalam Akuntansi Sang Pembebas Dari Kuasa Kapitalisme

The objectives of the research are to criticize the modern accounting is entrenched under the auspices of capitalism, especially accounting in Indonesia, and to an alternative idea for a better one. Is done as there as a strength that accounting for capitalism has reached a deadlock in answering current problems. Conventional accounting as a product of the modern era which has the spirit of capitalism is always oriented towards maximizing profit and rationality of recording. The impact of this understanding makes accounting a means of legitimating certain parties to seek maximum profit, without paying attention to other artificial interests. Through a rasionalis spiritualist approach, the research suggests the internalization of "spirituality" which refers to Islamic spirituality. Under the internalization of Islamic spirituality, accounting can be separated from the domination of capitalism.

Learning from Disequilibrium and Educating the Feminine Voice in Philosophy

This article broaches what can sometimes be seen as the suppression of the female voice, sometimes the repression of the feminine. To address these matters involves the reconsideration of the political discourse that pervades education and educational research. This article is an attempt to disclose inequity in apparently equitable space, through the acknowledgment of the voice of disequilibrium. It proposes to re-place the subject of philosophy, and the subject of woman, through an alternative idea of the feminine voice in philosophy. It tries to reconfigure the female voice without negating its fated biological origin and traits, and yet avoiding the confining of thought to the constraints of gender divides. In terms of education, it shall argue for the conversation of justice as a way of cultivating the feminine voice in philosophy: as the voice of disequilibrium. This is an occasion of mutual destabilization and transformation of man and woman, crossing gender divides, and preparing an alternative route to political criticism that not only reclaims the rights of women but releases the thinking of men and women, laying the way for a better, more pluralist, and more democratic politics. The feminine voice can find a way beyond the dominance of instrumental rationality and calculative thinking in the discourse on equity itself. And it can, one might reasonably hope, have an impact on the curriculum of university education.

Pariwisata Kerta Masa: Gagasan Alternatif Kebijakan Pembangunan Pariwisata Bali

Kerta Masa is a noble value that is passed down across generations and lives in Balinese society. Carrying the spirit of order, tranquility, togetherness, harmony, and prosperity, the concept of Kerta Masa can be applied more broadly as a basis for quality and sustainable tourism development policies in Bali Province, in which the tourism direction development policies currently tends to be quantity oriented. " The purpose of this study is to determine the tourism arrangements in Bali as stipulated in the Bali Provincial Regulation Number 10 year 2015 concerning the Bali Province Regional Tourism Development Master Plan for 2015-2029 and this research is expected to contribute to the evaluation of the Regional Regulation which elevates Kerta masa tourism as an alternative of tourism development policies in Bali. Normative legal research is a method used in writing this journal that analyzes tourism policies before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and raises Kerta Masa tourism as an alternative idea for Bali tourism development policies. The results showed that Bali tourism, which is currently quantity oriented, is very vulnerable so that "No Tourist High Risk" and in the future Kerta Masa Tourism are very potential in making Bali's tourism climate more qualified and other leading industries can grow optimally in realized "No Tourist Low Risk". Kerta Masa merupakan nilai adiluhung yang diwariskan secara turun temurun dan hidup dalam masyarakat Bali. Mengusung semangat keteraturan, ketentraman, kebersamaan, keharmonisan, dan kesejahteraan, konsep Kerta Masa dapat diaplikasikan lebih luas lagi yakni sebagai landasan dalam kebijakan pembangunan pariwisata yang berkualitas dan berkelanjutan di Provinsi Bali, yang mana arah kebijakan Pembangunan Pariwisata saat ini masih cenderung berorientasi kuantitas.” Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaturan pariwisata di Bali dalam Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Nomor 10 Tahun 2015 Tentang Rencana Induk Pembangunan Kepariwisataan Daerah Provinsi Bali Tahun 2015-2029 serta penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi sumbang saran dalam evaluasi Peraturan Daerah tersebut yang mengangkat pariwisata kertamasa sebagai gagasan alternatif kebijakan pembangunan pariwisata Bali. Penelitian hukum normatif adalah metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan jurnal ini yang menganalisis kebijakan pariwisata sebelum dan pasca pandemi COVID-19 serta mengangkat pariwisata kerta masa sebagai gagasan alternatif kebijakan pembangunan pariwisata Bali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pariwisata Bali yang saat ini beorientasi kuantitas sangat rentan sehingga “No Tourist High Risk” dan kedepannya Pariwisata Kerta Masa sangat potensial dalam menjadikan iklim pariwisata Bali lebih berkualitas dan industri unggulan lainnya dapat bertumbuh secara maksimal dalam mewujudkan “No Tourist Low Risk”.

The Theology of Avatāra in the Bhāgavata Purāṇa

The idea of avatāra no doubt presents a philosophical challenge, as it appears to stand in contrast to the Vedāntic principle of non-duality; the Bhāgavata purāṇa (BhP) offers an opportunity to look into this question due to its unique structure, which combines the Vedānta and Rasa traditions. As such, this paper looks into the theology of Avatāra in the Bhāgavata purāṇa; it argues that reading the purāṇic genre in light of Śaṅkara’s Advaita Vedānta is not as conducive to the understanding of the avatāra as reading it in light of Rāmānuja’s Viśiṣṭādvaita Vedānta, which indeed is compatible with the purāṇic genre. Moreover, uncovering the underlying assumptions of Western notions of personhood, it seems that classical ideas of “the person” have to be looked into, and offering an alternative idea of personhood may be necessary in order to better understand the theology of avatāra.

Kant, Schiller, and the Idea of a Moral Self

The paper examines Schiller’s argument concerning the subjective experience of adopting a morality based on Kantian principles. On Schiller’s view, such experience must be marked by a continuous struggle to suppress nature, because the moral law is a purely rational and categorically commanding law that addresses beings who are natural as well as rational. Essential for Schiller’s conclusion is the account he has of what it takes to follow the law, that is, the mental states and functions that encapsulate the idea of moral self contained in Kant’s ethics. Focusing on the fundamental psychological elements and processes to which Kant’s theory appeals and on which it depends to have application, the paper defends an alternative idea of moral self to the one Schiller attributes to Kant.

AUGUST NEANDER AND THE RELIGION OF HISTORY IN THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY ‘PRIESTHOOD OF LETTERS’

The Berlin ecclesiastical historian, August Neander (1789–1850), developed a religiously driven conception of history which excited contemporaries across the Protestant world. This article reconstructs the impetus which Neander gave to the creation of a religiously cosmopolitan historical imagination in Germany, Britain, and the United States. At a time when Hegelian and ‘scientific’ models of historical progress foretold a post-Christian future for civilization, Neander's alternative idea of world history, centred on the leavening spread of the invisible church through contrasting forms of Christianity and culture, exercised a powerful sway over Protestant historians everywhere. His universalizing historical philosophy offered an appealing mode of self-understanding to the networks which translated his ideas into new settings. Appearing to afford a mode of securing Protestantism from the twin dangers of sectarianism and unbelief, Neander's ‘unpartisan’ philosophy simultaneously became an important instrument of Protestant nation-building in the hands of the historians drawn towards it. By considering the interaction between universal and national aspirations in the development and dissemination of Neander's historical philosophy, the article examines the practical implications of historical thought, and connections between national and transnational scales of analysis, in modern religious and intellectual history.