Effect Of Structured And Maintenance Exercise Programs On Physical And Mental Functioning Of Dementia Patients

Exercise programs have been introduced to improve cognitive function, whereas studies showed inconsistent results regarding the effectiveness of exercise programs on patients with dementia. This study aimed to summarize randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of exercise programs on cognition, activities of daily living (ADL), and depression in elderly with dementia. We systematically screened PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library for relevant studies throughout November 21, 2018. The pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed to calculate cognition, ADL, and depression by using random-effects model. A total of 20 RCTs with 2,051 dementia patients were included in final quantitative meta-analysis. There were no significant differences between exercise programs and control regarding cognition (SMD: 0.44; 95% CI: −0.21–1.09; P=0.183), ADL (SMD: 0.50; 95% CI: −0.03–1.02; P=0.066), and depression (SMD: −0.43; 95% CI: −0.90–0.05; P=0.077). Sensitivity analysis results indicated that exercise programs might play an important role in cognition and ADL, whereas the depression level was unaltered by the exclusion of any particular study. Subgroup analyses indicated that exercise programs were associated with increased cognitive levels if the mean age of patients was <80.0 years when compared with usual care and studies with low quality. Moreover, the ADL level was significantly increased in patients receiving exercise programs versus usual care. These results suggested that exercise programs might play an important role in cognition and ADL in patients with dementia. These results required further verification by large-scale RCTs, especially for depression outcomes.

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Working With Family Caregivers of Dementia Patients

ASHA Leader ◽

10.1044/leader.ftr4.08162003.25 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 8 (16) ◽

pp. 25-25

Author(s):

Rosemary Lubinski

Keyword(s):

Family Caregivers ◽

Dementia Patients

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The Dynamics of TAT Process

Rorschachiana Journal of the International Society for the Rorschach ◽

10.1027/1192-5604/a000056 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 103-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Benoît Verdon ◽

Catherine Chabert ◽

Catherine Azoulay ◽

Michèle Emmanuelli ◽

Françoise Neau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Analytical Approach ◽

Therapeutic Process ◽

Practice Research ◽

Rorschach Test ◽

Mental Functioning ◽

Projective Tests ◽

The Subject ◽

Latent Content ◽

Rigorous Method

After many years of clinical practice, research and the teaching of projective tests, Shentoub and her colleagues (Debray, Brelet, Chabert & al.) put forward an original and rigorous method of analysis and interpretation of the TAT protocols in terms of psychoanalysis and clinical psychopathology. They developed the TAT process theory in order to understand how the subject builds a narrative. Our article will emphasize the source of the analytical approach developed by V. Shentoub in the 1950s to current research; the necessity of marking the boundary between the manifest and latent content in the cards; the procedure for analyzing the narrative, supported by an analysis sheet for understanding the stories' structure and identifying the defense mechanisms; and how developing hypotheses about how the mental functions are organized, as well as their potential psychopathological characteristics; and the formulation of a diagnosis in psychodynamic terms. In conjunction with the analysis and interpretation of the Rorschach test, this approach allows us to develop an overview of the subject's mental functioning, taking into account both the psychopathological elements that may threaten the subject and the potential for a therapeutic process. We will illustrate this by comparing neurotic, borderline, and psychotic personalities.

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