Urological cancer refers to cancer in organs of the urinary system and the male reproductive system. It
mainly includes prostate cancer, bladder cancer, renal cancer, etc., seriously threatening patients’ survival. Although
there are many advances in the treatment of urological cancer, approved targeted therapies often result in
tumor recurrence and therapy failure. An increasing amount of evidence indicated that cancer stem cells (CSCs)
with tumor-initiating ability were the source of treatment failure in urological cancer. The development of CSCstargeted
strategy can provide a possibility for the complete elimination of urological cancer. This review is based
on a search of PubMed, Google scholar and NIH database (http://ClinicalTrials.gov/) for English language articles
containing the terms: “biomarkers”, “cancer stem cells”, “targeting/targeted therapy”, “prostate cancer”,
bladder cancer” and “kidney cancer”. We summarized the biomarkers and stem cell features of the prostate, bladder
and renal CSCs, outlined the targeted strategies for urological CSCs from signaling pathways, cytokines,
angiogenesis, surface markers, elimination therapy, differentiation therapy, immunotherapy, microRNA,
nanomedicine, etc., and highlighted the prospects and future challenges in this research field.
Study of Anti-proliferative Effects of Chaga Mushroom and Panax Notoginseng-containing Traditional Chinese Medical Supplement, Shibe-ria on Dog Bladder Cancer Stem Cells
