scholarly journals Time and Money: Social Security Benefits and Intergenerational Transfers

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Intergenerational Transfers ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Social Security Reform ◽  
Parental Altruism ◽  
Grandchild Care ◽  
Distributional Consequences ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Social Security Benefits ◽  
The Relationship

I examine the relationship between Social Security benefits, a major component of income in older age, and intergenerational transfers of financial help and caregiving. I find that the net pass-through rate of Social Security benefits from parents to children is about 15 percent, including only monetary inter vivos transfers. Parents with higher Social Security benefits provide more hours of help to children in the form of grandchild care, even though children significantly withdraw caregiving to parents along this dimension. Taken together, these results are consistent with parental altruism and have strong implications for the distributional consequences of Social Security reform.

scholarly journals Actuarial fairness in social security calculations: application of a multiple decrement model to compare the social security factor and minimum age rules

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (78) ◽  
pp. 469-486
Author(s):  
André Luiz Lemos Andrade Gouveia ◽  
Filipe Costa de Souza ◽  
Leandro Chaves Rêgo
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
Social Welfare Policy ◽  
Social Security Reform ◽  
Standard Family ◽  
The Social ◽  
Actuarial Fairness ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Social Security Benefits

Abstract It has been shown that under the social security factor rule current contribution rates are insufficient to cover social security benefits, since the actuarially fair rates are 30.69% and 35.27% for men and women, respectively. However, if the social security reform were approved as submitted, the fair rates would be reduced to 22.25% and 21.60%, respectively. Besides the minimum age, part of this reduction is due to the proposed rules allowing pension values lower than the minimum wage. These results served the objective of this work, which was to compare the actuarially fair social security rates for the General Social Welfare Policy (GSWP), based on the social security factor rules and the minimum age proposal present in Proposed Constitutional Amendment n. 287/2016. The demographic changes that have taken place in Brazil in recent years raise questions about the sustainability of the national social security system and approving social security reform has been a government priority. Therefore, there is an undisputed need for an actuarial study that calculates actuarially fair rates and compares the current scenario with the reform proposals. Multiple decrement actuarial models were used to calculate the fair rates considering a standard family (25-year-old worker, spouse, and two children), in which the man is three years older than the woman. The IBGE 2015 Extrapolated (mortality) and Álvaro Vindas (disability) tables were adopted as biometric assumptions, and a real wage growth rate of 2% p.a. and real interest rate of 3% p.a. were used.

scholarly journals Identidad islámica y orden público: los efectos del matrimonio poligámico en el Sistema Español de Seguridad Social = Islamic identity and public order: the effects of polygamic marriage in the Spanish Social Security System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Mª José Cervilla Garzón
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
General Analysis ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Islamic Identity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Social Security Benefits ◽  
The Relationship

Resumen: En este estudio realizamos un análisis general sobre la relación entre la identidad is­lámica y el orden público español, y un análisis específico sobre el posible efecto que la concertación de un matrimonio poligámico pueda tener en el derecho a prestaciones de Seguridad Social en España, tomando como punto de partida que su admisión forma parte de la identidad islámica, pero es contraria a principios constitucionales esenciales como el derecho a la no discriminación. Y ello teniendo en cuenta el conjunto de prestaciones que abarca el Sistema español y con particular atención al criterio de los Tribunales en relación a las pensiones más controvertidas, cuáles son las de viudedad y orfandad.Palabras clave: identidad islámica, poligamia, orden público, Sistema Español de Seguridad Social.Abstract: In this study we realized a general analysis on the relationship between Islamic identity and Spanish public order, and a specific analysis on the possible effect that the conclusion of a polyga­mous marriage may have on the right to Social Security benefits in Spain, taking as starting point that its admission is part of the Islamic identity but is contrary to essential constitutional principles such as the right to non-discrimination. And this taking into account the benefits covered by the Spanish system and with particular attention to the criteria of the Courts in relation to the most controversial pensions, which are those of widowhood and orphanage.Keywords: islamic identity, polygamy, public order, Spanish Social Security System.Resumen: En este estudio realizamos un análisis general sobre la relación entre la identidad is­lámica y el orden público español, y un análisis específico sobre el posible efecto que la concertación de un matrimonio poligámico pueda tener en el derecho a prestaciones de Seguridad Social en España, tomando como punto de partida que su admisión forma parte de la identidad islámica, pero es contraria a principios constitucionales esenciales como el derecho a la no discriminación. Y ello teniendo en cuenta el conjunto de prestaciones que abarca el Sistema español y con particular atención al criterio de los Tribunales en relación a las pensiones más controvertidas, cuáles son las de viudedad y orfandad.Palabras clave: identidad islámica, poligamia, orden público, Sistema Español de Seguridad Social.Abstract: In this study we realized a general analysis on the relationship between Islamic identity and Spanish public order, and a specific analysis on the possible effect that the conclusion of a polyga­mous marriage may have on the right to Social Security benefits in Spain, taking as starting point that its admission is part of the Islamic identity but is contrary to essential constitutional principles such as the right to non-discrimination. And this taking into account the benefits covered by the Spanish system and with particular attention to the criteria of the Courts in relation to the most controversial pensions, which are those of widowhood and orphanage.Keywords: islamic identity, polygamy, public order, Spanish Social Security System.

scholarly journals The financial feasibility of delaying Social Security: evidence from administrative tax data

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
GOPI SHAH GODA ◽  
SHANTHI RAMNATH ◽  
JOHN B. SHOVEN ◽  
SITA NATARAJ SLAVOV
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Individual Retirement Accounts ◽  
Savings Accounts ◽  
Retirement Accounts ◽  
Social Security Benefits ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Retirement Study

AbstractDespite the large and growing returns to deferring Social Security benefits, most individuals claim Social Security before the full retirement age. In this paper, we use a panel of administrative tax data on individuals likely to financially benefit from delaying Social Security claiming to explore the relationship between Social Security claiming and distributions from tax-advantaged retirement savings accounts. We find that the majority of our sample claim Social Security prior to taking distributions from Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs). We also find that a third of our sample have IRA balances equivalent to at least two additional years of Social Security benefits, and a quarter have IRA balances equivalent to at least 4 years of Social Security benefits. We complement our analysis with data from the Health and Retirement Study and find that these percentages are considerably higher when other financial assets are taken into account.

Radiation Damage, Contrast and Statistics in High Resolution Biological Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Particle Flux ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Resolution Image ◽  
High Resolution Image ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Counting Statistics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Picture Element

It is well known that a large flux of electrons must pass through a specimen in order to obtain a high resolution image while a smaller particle flux is satisfactory for a low resolution image. The minimum particle flux that is required depends upon the contrast in the image and the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio at which the data are considered acceptable. For a given S/N associated with statistical fluxtuations, the relationship between contrast and “counting statistics” is s131_eqn1, where C = contrast; r2 is the area of a picture element corresponding to the resolution, r; N is the number of electrons incident per unit area of the specimen; f is the fraction of electrons that contribute to formation of the image, relative to the total number of electrons incident upon the object.

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