Nd-Sr Isotopic Study of Magmatic Rocks and 40Ar/39Ar Dating of the Mafic Dike of the Proterozoic Ulan-Sar’dag Ophiolite Mélange (Southern Siberia, East Sayan, Middle Belt, Russia)

We report the first radiogenic Nd-Sr isotope data in the magmatic rocks island-arc ophiolite assemblage from the middle branch of the East Sayan ophiolite complexes to better constrain geodynamic processes in this segment of the CAOB in southern central Siberia. The magmatic rocks belong to the following geochemical types: (1) Ensimatic island-arc boninites; (2) island-arc assemblage; (3) enriched basalts of mid-ocean ridges; and (4) oceanic island-like basalts. The boninites have a positive value εNd (T), which is generated from a depleted mantle source (N-MORB). The island-arc assemblage has negative or slightly positive εNd (T) and was formed from an enriched mantle source due to the subduction of terrigenous rocks. The source of the terrigenous material was most likely the rocks of the Archean TTG (Trondhjemite Tonalite Granodiorite) complex of the Gargan block. Isotopic ratios for E-MOR and OIB-like basalts are characterized by positive or slightly negative values of εNd (T). The mafic dike, which crosscut ophiolite rocks, corresponds to OIB-like basalts. The values of εNd (T), measured 87Sr/86Sr and I (Sr), in the mafic dike correspond to the EM I mantle source. The E-MOR and OIB-like basalts appear to be formed in late-stage asthenospheric mantle melting via the decompression melting processes. The obtained isotope geochemical data for the E-MOR and OIB-like basalts probably indicate the mixing of island-arc melts with asthenospheric melts. We undertook 40Ar/39Ar dating of the mafic dike, which crosscut the ophiolite unit. The mafic dike has a whole-rock 40Ar/39Ar weighted mean plateau age of 799 ± 11 Ma. The dating constrains the minimum age of the ophiolite and island-arc magmatism in the region.

Psychometric Challenges in the Measurement of Constructs Underlying Criminal Responsibility in Children and Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

At present, many countries have lowered the minimum age of criminal responsibility to deal with the trend of juvenile crime. In practical terms, whether countries advocate for lowering the age of criminal responsibility along with early puberty, or regulating the minimum age of juvenile criminal responsibility through their policies, their deep-rooted hypothesis is that age is tied to adolescents’ psychological growth, and, with the rise in age, the capacity for dialectical thinking, self-control, and empathy gradually improves. With this study, we aimed to test whether this hypothesis is valid. The participants were 3,208 students from junior high school, senior high school, and freshman in the S province of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). We subjected the gathered materials to independent-samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression analysis, and Bonferroni post hoc test. The influence of the age variable upon dialectical thinking, self-control, and empathy was significant (p = 0.002, p = 0.000, p = 0.072), but only empathy was positively correlated with age variable (B = 0.032); dialectical thinking ability (B = −0.057), and self-control ability (B = −0.212) were negatively correlated with the age variable. Bonferroni post hoc test confirmed these findings. Therefore, we concluded the following: (1) Juvenile criminal responsibility, based on the capacity for dialectical thinking, self-control, and empathy, is not positively correlated with age. (2) Age is not the only basis on which to judge a juvenile’s criminal responsibility. (3) More research that directly links age differences in brain structure and function to age differences in legally relevant capacities and capabilities(e.g., dialectical thinking, self-control, and empathy) is needed. (4) Political countries should appropriately raise the minimum age of criminal responsibility and adopt the doli incapax principle in the judicial process.

Evaluate the results of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for cardiogenic shock patient

Background: Although there are many advances in the diagnosis and resuscitation of patients with cardiogenic shock, the mortality rate is still high, especially for patients with cardiogenic shock due to complications of acute myocardial infarction, the mortality rate can be up to 50 - 70%. Objective: "Evaluate the effectiveness of clinical, subclinical and complications of V-A ECMO in patients with cardiogenic shock". Method: Retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with cardiogenic shock supported by V-A ECMO revascularization from October 2018 and June 2020; Analyze the significance of V-A ECMO with the clinical outcome prognosis and and complications of V-A ECMO. Results: There were 23 patients hospitalized for cardiogenic shock, they have used the V-A ECMO. The mean age was 53,5±17,6, the minimum age was 13, the oldest was 76. The shortest hospital stay time was 3.5 day and the longest treatment time is 32 days. There were 15 patients alive, accounting for 65.2%, 8 patients died, accounting for 35.8%. The percentage of patients living in the group of myocarditis reached the highest rate. Common complications in patients supported by V-A ECMO are left ventricular volume overload and infection. Conclusion: V-A ECMO is a treatment option for life-threatening cardiogenic shock that has not responded to other therapies.

Age Spreads and Systematics in λ Orionis with Gaia DR2 and the SPOTS Tracks

In this paper we investigate the robustness of age measurements, age spreads, and stellar models in young pre-main-sequence stars. For this effort, we study a young cluster, λ Orionis, within the Orion star-forming complex. We use Gaia data to derive a sample of 357 targets with spectroscopic temperatures from spectral types or from the automated spectroscopic pipeline in APOGEE Net. After accounting for systematic offsets between the spectral type and APOGEE temperature systems, the derived properties of stars on both systems are consistent. The complex interstellar medium, with variable local extinction, motivates a star-by-star dereddening approach. We use a spectral energy distribution fitting method calibrated on open clusters for the Class III stars. For the Class II population, we use a Gaia G-RP dereddening method, minimizing systematics from disks, accretion, and other physics associated with youth. The cluster age is systematically different in models incorporating the structural impact of starspots or magnetic fields than in nonmagnetic models. Our mean ages range from 2–3 Myr (nonmagnetic models) to 3.9 ± 0.2 Myr in the SPOTS model (f = 0.34). We find that star-by-star dereddening methods distinguishing between pre-main-sequence classes provide a smaller age spread than techniques using a uniform extinction, and we infer a minimum age spread of 0.19 dex and a typical age spread of 0.35 dex after modeling age distributions convolved with observed errors. This suggests that the λ Ori cluster may have a long star formation timescale and that spotted stellar models significantly change age estimates for young clusters.

Analysis of Child Marriage and Related Policies in Indonesia: Sustainable Development Issue

Child marriage is a prevalent social problem in developing countries, including Indonesia, and its implementation has been prohibited in all regions of Indonesia. The revision of the marriage law that lifts up the minimum age limit for child marriage and the implementation of the child protection policy does not inevitably guarantee that the practice of child marriage can be avoided. The research objective of this study was to analyze the success of the factors and the effectiveness of the implementation of policies on handling the practice of child marriage in achieving sustainable goals in Indonesia. Data collection was performed using a profile approach utilizing data from the National Development Planning Agency of 2016-2019, desk review of the literature, and stock-taking of relevant research studies. Moreover, the effectiveness of policy implementation is assessed using a contingency analysis of the factors of policy commitment and government capacity. The results showed that the effectiveness of policy implementation from the factor of policy commitment was performed through the integration of the goals of SDGs into the national strategy for preventing child marriage, enforcement of main policy changes, mapping of regional-based issue trends and root causes, mapping of regional-level derivative policies issued before main policy revision changes, harmonization and synchronization of various policies through derivative policies, planning and development at the regional and village levels. Adjustment in the factor of implementation capacity of policy is indicated by institutional convergence and synergy of various parties, including learning from various good practices in the regions. The contingency matrix-based policy application model for handling the practice of child marriage will be effective if it utilizes a progressive model.

PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM TERHADAP DISPENSASI NIKAH DI BAWAH UMUR (STUDI KASUS PENGADILAN AGAMA PARIGI)

This study examines the judge's considerations in resolving marriage dispensation cases at the Parigi Religious Court. This research includes field research with qualitative methods. Data was collected through documentation studies, interviews, and observations. Data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, data interpretation, and drawing conclusions. The background of this research is Law No. 16 of 2019 Article 7 paragraph 1 regarding the minimum age of marriage, which is 19 years for men and women, as well as paragraphs 2 & 3 regarding the granting of marriage dispensation with very urgent reasons. The description in this journal departs from the factors that form the background of the application for a marriage dispensation and how judges consider in resolving a marriage dispensation case at the Parigi Religious Court. The results showed that the background of the application for marriage dispensation at the Parigi Religious Court was due to pregnancy outside of marriage, arranged marriages, and reasons to avoid adultery. The considerations made by the judge are through the principle of expediency, the necessity to refuse harm, the interests of the child and baby in the womb, and the legal compliance of the family. From the conclusions obtained, it is recommended that the government and community organizations intensively conduct speeches and counseling about the dangers of early marriage in the community, as well as increase parental and family supervision of the association and development of children. Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang pertimbangan hakim dalam penyelesaian perkara dispensasi nikah di Pengadilan Agama Parigi. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian lapangan dengan metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi dokumentasi, wawancara, dan observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, penafsiran data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah Undang-Undang No 16 Tahun 2019 Pasal 7 ayat 1 mengenai umur minimal pernikahan yaitu 19 tahun bagi pria dan wanita, serta ayat 2 & 3 mengenai pemberian dispensasi nikah dengan alasan sangat mendesak. Uraian dalam jurnal ini berangkat dari faktor-faktor yang menjadi latar belakang permohonan dispensasi nikah dan bagaimana pertimbangan hakim dalam menyelesaikan perkara dispensasi nikah di Pengadilan Agama Parigi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa latar belakang permohonan dispensasi nikah di Pengadilan Agama Parigi akibat kondisi hamil di luar nikah, perjodohan, dan alasan menghindari zina. Adapun pertimbangan yang dilakukan hakim yaitu melalui asas kemanfaatan, keharusan untuk menolak mudharat, kepentingan anak dan bayi dalam kandungan, serta kepatuhan hukum pihak keluarga. Dari kesimpulan yang diperoleh, disarankan agar pemerintah serta organisasi kemasyarakatan gencar melakukan orasi dan penyuluhan tentang bahaya menikah dini di tengah masyarakat, serta meningkatkan pengawasan orang tua dan keluarga terhadap pergaulan dan perkembangan anak.

Correlation of Fischer’s Ratio with Liver Fibrosis in Naive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients without Comorbidities

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the most common health problems in the world. 20% Chronic hepatitis B can can change into liver fibrosis. The liver is the center of the body's Amino Acids metabolism. Amino acid changes can occur due to impaired liver function. Fisher's ratio (BCAA/AAA) has become one of the sign of liver fibrosis. This study wanted to find a relationship between Fischer Ratio values and liver fibrosis in naive chronic hepatitis B patients without comorbidities. Method: The research was conducted from October 2020-May 2021 at DR. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia. Subjects were naive chronic hepatitis B patients without comorbidities with a minimum age of 30 years. The study used a cross-sectional method. Fischer Ratio values were assessed by spectrophotometry and liver fibrosis was assessed by transient elastography (fibroscan). A correlation test was conducted to determine the relationship between variables. Result: 20 patients were included in the study. The average age of the research subjects was 47 ± 10 years. The average Fisher's ratio value was 2.83 ± 1.16 and the average fibroscan value was 17.31 ± 18.50 kPa. Ratio Fischer had a correlation with liver fibrosis with r= - 0.571 (p=0.004). Conclusions: Ratio Fischer has a negative correlation with liver fibrosis in naive chronic hepatitis B patients without comorbidities.

PRODUK-PRODUK PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM DI TURKI

This article discusses the products of Islamic family law in Turkey with the main focus of this article review is how the history and development of family law in Turkey and what are the products of family law reform in Turkey using literature studies. This paper finds that the development of family law reform in Turkey starting from al-Majallâh (1876), The Ottoman Law of Family Right (1917), Turkish Civil Code (The Turkish Civil Code of 1926) is a response to the influence and changes in social conditions. , politics, and an unstable economy, especially at that time the Turkish people were still experiencing an identity crisis. Then the product of family law reform in Turkey is divided into two scopes, namely munakahat and Mawaris, where part of the munakahat itself includes, khitbah, minimum age limit for marriage, prohibitions in marriage, polygamy, walimah, marriage annulment, marriage that is not legalized, divorce. , compensation in divorce, while in Mawaris includes, wills and the amount of distribution between men and women are equal. Abstrak Artikel ini membahas tentang produk-produk hukum keluarga Islam di Turki dengan fokus utama kajian artikel ini adalah bagaimana sejarah dan perkembangan hukum keluarga di Turki dan apa saja produk dari pembaharuan hukum keluarga di Turki menggunakan studi kepustakaan. Tulisan ini menemukan bahwa perkembangan pembaharuan hukum keluarga di Turki yang dimulai dari al-Majallâh (1876), The Ottoman Law of Family Right (1917), Peraturan Sipil Turki (The Turkish Civil Code of 1926) merupakan sebuah respon atas pengaruh dan perubahan kondisi sosial, politik, dan ekonomi yang tidak stabil apalagi pada masa tersebut masyarakat Turki masih mengalami kondisi krisis identitas. Kemudian produk dari pembaharuan hukum keluarga di Turki dibagi kedalam dua cakupan yakni munakahat dan mawaris, di mana bagian dari munakahat itu sendiri meliputi, khitbah, batas usia minimal menikah, larangan dalam perkawinan, poligami, walimah, pembatalan perkawinan, perkawinan yang tidak disahkan, perceraian, kompensasi dalam perceraian, Sedangkan dalam mawaris meliputi, wasiat dan jumlah pembagian antara laki-laki dan perempuan yang setara.

Interplay of Holocene surface faulting and climate in the Central Po Plain, Italy

Understanding the recent events marking the late Quaternary history of the Po Plain (N-Italy) is of overriding importance to decipher the record of depositional versus erosional phases, and their interplay with climatic, tectonic, and human forcing. We reconstructed the structural setting and chronostratigraphy of a Holocene succession crosscut by a thrust fault located south of Montodine (Cremona, Italy) within the Po Plain. The fault shows a maximum displacement up to one meter. Radiocarbon dating fixes a minimum age of 11.9 cal ka BP for the postglacial river entrenchment and constrains the fault movement age between 5.9 and 3.4 cal ka BP. Undeformed Late Medieval coarse gravels cover the faulted succession. Due to the outcrop position, lying above the buried frontal thrusts of the Southern Alps and North Apennines, we propose that faulting results from secondary surface effects induced by seismic shaking. We discuss two main mechanisms, both related to lateral spreading, that can result in the formation of reverse faults close to the surface. The Soncino area, recording one of the strongest historical earthquakes of the central Po Plain (1802), is considered as a possible source for seismic shaking. The results of this study are a contribution for the assessment of the potential seismic hazard in one of the most populated regions of Europe.

Tenggar Cave, Tulungagung: preliminary study and its paleontological potentials

Goa Tenggar or Tenggar Cave is situated in the karstic physiography of southern Tulungagung, East Java that made up of prehistoric caves. These include the Wajak complex (minimum age of 37.4 to 28.5 thousand years ago) and the Song Gentong (around 7000 BP). The formation of Tenggar Cave is influenced by the subterranean river that penetrates the limestone unit. This cave has a front width of ± 10 m and a roof height of ± 8 m. The east side of the cave floor is a layer of soil, and the western side is the river. The inside of the cave composed by very compact conglomerate deposits and paleosoil that contains faunal remains, including Cervus sp., Bos sp., Bubalus sp., and Bibos sp., which may have occurred during the Pleistocene. The fossilized faunal remains from Tenggar Cave show that there was a relatively open environment during that time, such as a savannah with large trees and flowing rivers around the cave. The paleoenvironment indicates late Pleistocene to early Holocene period, similar to paleoenvironment in the Sewu Mountains that stretch along the southern part Java from central to the eastern tip of the island includes the coastal towns of Gunung Kidul, Pacitan and Tulungagung. The situation is certainly a point of interest when associating the findings with the surrounding sites, starting from Wajak, Song Gentong, Pacitan, Ponorogo, and Gunung Kidul. However, absolute dating test is necessary to be more certain of the lifetime of the fossilized fauna. If the fossils were from the Late Pleistocene, it could be an important information for the fields of paleontology, paleoanthropology, and prehistoric archaeology given that the occurrence of sites with such antiquity are limited in Southeast Asia. It is essential to conduct intensive research in Tenggar Cave in the future.