The regulation of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in the Netherlands and the UK: a comparative study of the regulatory frameworks and outcomes for PGD

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva C A Asscher
Keyword(s):  
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Selection Of

Developments in biotechnology present difficult social and ethical challenges that need to be resolved by regulators among others. One crucial problem for regulators of new technologies is to ensure that regulation is both clear and sufficiently flexible to respond to new developments. This is particularly difficult to achieve in contentious fields such as medical biotechnology. In the European Union there is a divergence in the solutions to this problem which has lead to different regulatory frameworks for medical biotechnology. This paper compares and contrasts the British and Dutch regulatory frameworks for the selection of embryos by preimplantation genetic diagnosis as an example of the regulation of medical biotechnology. Some of the outcomes of the regulatory choices and possible reasons behind the divergent frameworks are discussed, such as the ethical outlooks and political systems in these countries.

Defining Nanomaterials for the Purpose of Regulation within the European Union

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Bowman ◽  
Joel D'Silva ◽  
Geert van Calster
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Cosmetic Formulations ◽  
Policy Shift

Consumer desire for superior and new products has provided industry with the opportunity and market demand to incorporate and experiment with new technologies, including nanotechnologies. While these products and processes have fallen under the scope of existing regulatory frameworks, potential health and safety concerns has prompted some stakeholders to call for new, nano-specific regulations. Until now, governments have been hesitant to respond to such demands given the evolving state of the scientific art and limited international agreement as to what nanotechnologies or nanomaterials “are”. Despite these challenges, in November 2009 the European Union formally embraced the idea of specifically regulating the use of nanomaterials in cosmetic formulations. To achieve this objective, the Parliament and Council had to define what they meant by nanomaterials within the context of the adopted text in order to regulate them. It appears likely that other instruments will be similarly amended so as to include nano-specific provisions, including definitions. This article explores this policy shift within the European Union and the implications of the Parliament and Council's stance at this stage due to the absence of a generally accepted definition within the international community.

An ethnonational perspective on territorial politics in the EU: east-west comparisons from a pilot study

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyka M. Stefanova
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
South Central ◽  
Material Interests ◽  
Territorial Politics ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regional Interests ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Eu

This paper examines the relationship between European integration and ethnonational demands with the example of selected regions in the European Union (EU). It follows the theoretical premises of new regionalism and explores the ways in which ethnonational groups use the opportunities and resources of European governance to express their identities, material interests, and political demands. Methodologically, it conducts a plausibility probe of the potential effects of European integration on ethnonationalism by testing for regional differences in identities, interests, and political attitudes. The case studies are drawn from the UK (Wales and Scotland), Belgium (Flanders), Austria (Carinthia and Burgenland), Romania (Northwest and Center regions), and Bulgaria (South-Central and South-Eastern regions) as a representative selection of regional interests in the EU. The paper finds that European integration affects ethnonational groups by reinforcing identity construction in the direction of inclusiveness and diversity. Although regional actors are more supportive of the EU than the European publics in general, they also seek access to representation in the authority structures of the state. Based on these findings, the paper concludes that European integration facilitates a growing public acceptance of its resources, in parallel with persisting allegiances to the nation-state, the community, and ethnoregional distinctiveness.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for myotonic dystrophy type 1 in the UK

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Kakourou ◽  
Seema Dhanjal ◽  
Thalia Mamas ◽  
Sarah Gotts ◽  
Alpesh Doshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 ◽  
Myotonic Dystrophy Type ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals A qualificaçao humana da pessoa: uma análise ético-jurídica dos embriões excedentários e do diagnótico genético pré-implantacional / The Human Qualification of Person: An Ethical-Legal Analysis of the Surplus Embryos and the Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Kalline Carvalho Gonçalves Eler ◽  
Luciana Gaspar Melquíades Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Assisted Reproduction Techniques ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Personal Rights ◽  
Person Concept ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Robert Spaemann

ABSTRACTThis  paper  pursues  an  ethical-legal  framework  for  the  embryo  arising  from  assisted  reproduction  techniques  in order to sustain the personal status. To attain this end, it will be adopted the content analysis methodology, taking as theoretical  framework the person  concept developed by Robert Spaemann and the consciousness in Husserl phenomenological lmeaning. In a second moment, starting from the assumption that  the  extra-corporeal embryo is a person and  therefore, subject of personal rights; intends to demonstrate the unconstitutionality of the production of surplus embryos and also the unconstitutionality of using of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for selection of so-called "baby-drugs".RESUMOO presente artigo busca um enquadramento ético-jurídico para o embrião oriundo das técnicas de reprodução assistida com o intuito de sustentar seu status pessoal. Para persecução deste fim, adota-se como metodologia a análise de conteúdo, tomando-se por marco teórico o conceito de pessoa desenvolvido por Robert Spaemann e o conceito de consciência presente na fenomenologia de Husserl. Em um segundo momento, a partir do pressuposto de que o embrião extra corporal é pessoa e, portanto, sujeito de direitos personalíssimos, intenta-se demonstrar a inconstitucionalidade da produção dos embriões excedentários e do uso do Diagnóstico Genético Pré-Implantacional para seleção dos chamados “bebês-medicamentos”.

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