scholarly journals Genetic analysis of natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster in Japan. V Genetic variabilities of amylase activities in different developmental stages and theil relation to fitness.

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuneyuki YAMAZAKI
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Natural Populations

scholarly journals GENETIC ANALYSIS OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IN JAPAN. II. THE MEASUREMENT OF FITNESS AND FITNESS COMPONENTS IN HOMOZYGOUS LINES

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuneyuki Yamazaki ◽  
Yasuko Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Genetic Structures

ABSTRACT Fifty lethal-free, sterility-free isogenic lines of Drosophila melanogaster that were randomly sampled from a natural population were tested for net fitness and other components of fitness by competition with D. hydei. Larval viability and developmental time were also measured using the balanced marker method. Distribution patterns of these fitness components were similar, but correlation between the fitness components varied depending on the combinations used. The highest correlations were obtained between net fitness and productivity (rp = 0.6987, rg = 0.9269). The correlation between net fitness and total larval viability was much lower (rp = 0.1473 and rg = 0.2171). These results indicate that measuring net fitness, not just a component of fitness, is necessary for the good understanding of the genetic structures of natural populations.

Molecular cloning and genetic analysis of the suppressor-of-white-apricot locus from Drosophila melanogaster

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2498-2505
Author(s):  
Z Zachar ◽  
D Garza ◽  
T B Chou ◽  
J Goland ◽  
P M Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
Complementation Group ◽  
P Element ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
New Mutations

We report genetic and molecular analysis of the suppressor-of-white-apricot [su(wa)] locus, one of several retrotransposon insertion allele-specific suppressor loci in Drosophila melanogaster. First, we isolated and characterized eight new mutations allelic to the original su(wa)1 mutation. These studies demonstrated that su(wa) mutations allelic to su(wa)1 affected a conventional D. melanogaster complementation group. Second, we cloned the chromosomal region containing the su(wa) complementation group by P element transposon tagging. The ca. 14-kilobase region surrounding the su(wa) complementation group contained five distinct transcription units, each with a different developmentally programmed pattern of expression. Third, we used a modified procedure for P-mediated gene transfer to identify the transcription unit corresponding to su(wa) by gene transfer. Fourth, we found that the presumptive su(wa) transcription unit produced a family of transcripts (ranging from ca. 3.5 to ca. 5.2 kilobases) in all developmental stages, tissue fractions, and cell lines we examined, suggesting that the gene is universally expressed.

scholarly journals GENETIC ANALYSIS OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IN JAPAN. III. GENETIC VARIABILITY OF INDUCING FACTORS OF AMYLASE AND FITNESS

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-235
Author(s):  
Tsuneyuki Yamazaki ◽  
Yoshinori Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Normal Medium ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Inducing Factors

ABSTRACT "Inducibility" of amylase in Drosophila melanogaster was defined and investigated in a natural population from Japan. Inducibility represents the effects of factors remote from the structural gene that control the amount of enzyme produced. Inducibility of an isogenic line is measured as the ratio of the enzyme's specific activity in two different inducing environments. There was considerable genetic variability with respect to inducibility of amylase in 44 isogenic lines derived from a natural population of D. melanogaster . Net fitness and its components in these isogenic lines were also measured. The results indicated that, although the inducibility of the enzyme was positively correlated with the net fitness (rg = 0.63 ± 0.2), the enzyme activities in the normal medium were not (rg = 0.12 ± 0.37). The analysis of the data shows that the differences in inducing factors are mainly responsible for the differences in the fitness of lines and are the genetic materials for the adaptive evolution of organisms.

scholarly journals Molecular cloning and genetic analysis of the suppressor-of-white-apricot locus from Drosophila melanogaster.

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2498-2505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Zachar ◽  
D Garza ◽  
T B Chou ◽  
J Goland ◽  
P M Bingham
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
Complementation Group ◽  
P Element ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
New Mutations

We report genetic and molecular analysis of the suppressor-of-white-apricot [su(wa)] locus, one of several retrotransposon insertion allele-specific suppressor loci in Drosophila melanogaster. First, we isolated and characterized eight new mutations allelic to the original su(wa)1 mutation. These studies demonstrated that su(wa) mutations allelic to su(wa)1 affected a conventional D. melanogaster complementation group. Second, we cloned the chromosomal region containing the su(wa) complementation group by P element transposon tagging. The ca. 14-kilobase region surrounding the su(wa) complementation group contained five distinct transcription units, each with a different developmentally programmed pattern of expression. Third, we used a modified procedure for P-mediated gene transfer to identify the transcription unit corresponding to su(wa) by gene transfer. Fourth, we found that the presumptive su(wa) transcription unit produced a family of transcripts (ranging from ca. 3.5 to ca. 5.2 kilobases) in all developmental stages, tissue fractions, and cell lines we examined, suggesting that the gene is universally expressed.

scholarly journals A GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE KILLER-PRUNE (K-pn) LOCUS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-358
Author(s):  
Eliezer Lifschytz ◽  
Raphael Falk
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Analysis

scholarly journals Female Genotypes Affect Sperm Displacement in Drosophila

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G Clark ◽  
David J Begun
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Sperm Displacement ◽  
Extensive Variation ◽  
Polymorphic Genes ◽  
Displacement Parameter ◽  
Competitive Success

Abstract Differential success of sperm is likely to be an important component of fitness. Extensive variation among male genotypes in competitive success of sperm in multiply mated females has been documented for Drosophila melanogaster. However, virtually all previous studies considered the female to be a passive vessel. Nevertheless, under certain conditions female fitness could be determined by her role in mediating use of sperm from multiple males. Here we ask whether females differ among genotypes in their tendency to exhibit last-male precedence. Competition of sperm from two tester male genotypes (bwD and B3-09, a third-chromosome isogenic line from Beltsville, MD) was quantified by doubly mating female lines that had been rendered homozygous for X, second, or third chromosomes isolated from natural populations. The composite sperm displacement parameter, P2′, was highly heterogeneous among lines, whether or not viability effects were compensated, implying the presence of polymorphic genes affecting access of sperm to eggs. Genetic variation of this type is completely neutral in the absence of pleiotropy or interaction between variation in the two sexes.

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