The Development of Human Brain Volume in the Biological Evolution

2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
树华 姜
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Caine ◽  
◽  
Renate Caine
Keyword(s):  

Much has been said at the symposium about the pre-eminent role of the brain in the continuing emergence of man. Tobias has spoken of its explosive enlargement during the last 1 Ma, and how much of its enlargement in individual ontogeny is postnatal. We are born before our brains are fully grown and ‘wired up ’. During our long adolescence we build up internal models of the outside world and of the relations of parts of our bodies to it and to one another. Neurons that are present at birth spread their dendrites and project axons which acquire their myelin sheaths, and establish innumerable contacts with other neurons, over the years. New connections are formed; genetically endowed ones are stamped in or blanked off. People born without arms may grow up to use their toes in skills that are normally manual. Tobias, Darlington and others have stressed the enormous survival value of adaptive behaviour and the ‘positive feedback’ relation between biological and cultural evolution. The latter, the unique product of the unprecedentedly rapid biological evolution of big brains, advances on a time scale unknown to biological evolution.


NeuroImage ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Kraemer ◽  
Thorsten Schormann ◽  
Peter Bi ◽  
Georg Hagemann ◽  
Karl Zilles ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
pp. 137-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiska S. Peper ◽  
Marcel P. Zwiers ◽  
Dorret I. Boomsma ◽  
Reneacute S. Kahn ◽  
Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol
Keyword(s):  

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallory Peterson ◽  
Benjamin C. Warf ◽  
Steven J. Schiff

OBJECTIVEWhile there is a long history of interest in measuring brain growth, as of yet there is no definitive model for normative human brain volume growth. The goal of this study was to analyze a variety of candidate models for such growth and select the model that provides the most statistically applicable fit. The authors sought to optimize clinically applicable growth charts that would facilitate improved treatment and predictive management for conditions such as hydrocephalus.METHODSThe Weibull, two-term power law, West ontogenic, and Gompertz models were chosen as potential models. Normative brain volume data were compiled from the NIH MRI repository, and the data were fit using a nonlinear least squares regression algorithm. Appropriate statistical measures were analyzed for each model, and the best model was characterized with prediction bound curves to provide percentile estimates for clinical use.RESULTSEach model curve fit and the corresponding statistics were presented and analyzed. The Weibull fit had the best statistical results for both males and females, while the two-term power law generated the worst scores. The statistical measures and goodness of fit parameters for each model were provided to assure reproducibility.CONCLUSIONSThe authors identified the Weibull model as the most effective growth curve fit for both males and females. Clinically usable growth charts were developed and provided to facilitate further clinical study of brain volume growth in conditions such as hydrocephalus. The authors note that the homogenous population from which the normative MRI data were compiled limits the study. Gaining a better understanding of the dynamics that underlie childhood brain growth would yield more predictive growth curves and improved neurosurgical management of hydrocephalus.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
A. N. Mikhyeyev

The article develops the idea that the human brain neuroevolution can become a universal object for the study of biological evolution. The main in neuroevolution person was the emergence of consciousness, i. e. ability to generate information about information, i.e. ability to generate information about information. Intellectual development of the individual is a process and the result of intellectual adaptation — the greater the number of layers of management hierarchy uses the individual, the higher his intellectual level. It substantiates the idea that the actual cognitive evolution of the human brain has been replaced or reduced to cognitive ontogenesis. Redundancy allows the brain to form and restructure neural networks, reflecting a particular mental experience of the individual. In the adult nervous system in process of learning the gene expression, unlike embryonic included in the behavioral mechanisms of self-functional systems, which puts morphogenesis in the brain during learning under control cognitive processes. Probably the greatest ability to epigenetic rearrangements has mirror neurons discussed above. Ultimately, there is a specialization of (secondary «cognitive» differentiation) of neurons, allowing the individual to adapt to the social mental manifestations of other people and yourself.Keywords: neuroevolution, cognitive ontogenesis, mental adaptation, mirror neurons.


Author(s):  
Jakob Pietschnig ◽  
Lars Penke ◽  
Jelte M Wicherts ◽  
Michael Zeiler ◽  
Martin Voracek

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 411-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Pietschnig ◽  
Lars Penke ◽  
Jelte M. Wicherts ◽  
Michael Zeiler ◽  
Martin Voracek

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e50375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong-jian Luo ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Liang Huang ◽  
Kwangsik Nho ◽  
Min Deng ◽  
...  

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