Comparative study of objective and subjective parameters of accommodation in children with myopia

AIM: The study aims to compare the results of objective parameters such as autorefractometers of the open field Grand Seiko and closed field TONOREF III. and the subjective parameters such as the positive of relative accommodation (PRA) and the amplitude of accommodation (AA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 30 children (60 eyes) with low and moderate myopia (on average -2.96 0.17 D) aged from 8 to 12 years (on average 10.04 0.24 years) were examined. Subjective (PRA, AA) and objective parameters of binocular adaptation (BAO) and monocular adaptation (MAO) response on the Grand Seiko Binocular Open Field Autorefkeratometer WR - 5500K (Japan) and the AA on the automatic refractokeratotonometer pakhimetre TONOREF III (Nidek, Japan) were determined. RESULTS: The average of BAO and MAO at 33 cm was -1.93 0.04 D and 1.86 0.05 D, respectively. The average PRA was 1.5 0.16 D. The objectively measured average AA was 5.25 0.4 D. The average minimum AA value was -2.86 0.16 D, and the average maximum value was 8.11 0.46 D. The subjective AA on the Iksar device was on average 4.17 0.43 D; Amin, on average -3.77 0.26 D; Amax, on average was -7.94 0.59 D. CONCLUSION: The objective and subjective measurements of AA produced comparable results. BAO and MAO reflected other characteristics of accommodation, different from its amplitude, and characterized the adequacy of the accommodation response to a specific accommodation task. The advantage of objective accommodation is that it is independent of the patients responses and intellectual level.

BILINGUALISM AS A PSYCHOSOCIAL AND SOCIO-CULTURAL PHENOMENON IN THE MODERN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

The multidimensional studies of bilingualism problems in the framework of pedagogy, psychology, sociolinguistics are considered. It was found that bilingualism is, first of all, a socio-cultural phenomenon that needs to be studied in various aspects, first of all in sociolinguistic, psycholinguistic, and, in fact, linguistic. It was found that today there is an ambiguous attitude to bilingualism: sociologists assess it mostly negatively, arguing that bilingualism within the borders of one country leads to social instability; psychologists draw our attention to the negative impact of bilingualism on the child's psyche. In defense of bilingualism, there arises the argument, that a bilingual personality is a personality with two language codes, two language tools, two tools of thinking that enhance the capabilities of the individual, increase the intellectual level of the individual, his/her culture under the condition of the right educational conditions and means of achieving the bilingualism itself or the educational environment.

Agent-Based Modeling of Collaborative Work

In the modern world, it is no longer enough to simply create a product that performs its function, but it should perform it better than thousands of competitors. However, the problem is that human intellectual abilities are limited and many complex tasks are beyond the capabilities of a single person. The natural way of raising our intellectual level is to build teams to share our experience, knowledge, and worldview to create something beyond the capacity of the individual.Thus it is not surprising that according to a recent ranking, collaborative skills are considered most essential in the 21st century [2]. To cope with all challenges and create high-quality products, there should be a team whose members are experts in communication, discussion, problem-solving, and critical thinking. In addition, it is important to manage the team effectively. To do so, it is necessary to know more about the social processes which take place inside a team. Agent-based modeling can be an effective tool to gain such insights.Agent-based modeling is a powerful instrument for simulating different processes, including social ones. This technology was formed under the influence of many other fields such as artificial intelligence, sociology, game theory, and so on.In this article, a model which simulates human interaction in the framework of «Wilderness Survival: A Consensus-Seeking Task» is used to demonstrate the core principle of agent-based modeling. The group of agents complete a test by themselves and afterwards discuss their answers to reach a consensus and achieve the best score.It will be analyzed which human character traits are more important for successful collaborative work. Situations in which some team members are not interested in the team success will be identified. Also, a user interface is provided to enable running custom experiments to better understand how specific character traits impact the team results.

Extremist Crimes Committed Using the Sphere of Telecommunications and Computer Information

To successfully counter extremist and terrorist crime in the virtual space, it is important to implement measures for improving legislation (clarification of extremism features, the introduction of a list of extremist crimes into the law, etc.), as well as measures to improve the training of law enforcement officials, wider involvement of specialists and experts in the investigation of cases, establishing cooperation with providers in order to timely identify extremist and terrorist crimes, a deeper study of the personality of criminals who specialize in committing extremist crimes using the field of telecommunications and computer information. The use of telecommunications and computer information in the commission of extremist crimes indicates a high intellectual level of the criminal, which helps him not only to commit high-tech crimes, but also to hinder the investigation of his actions using the same knowledge and experience. In this regard, the social danger of both the criminal and the offence committed by him increases, which should be taken into account when solving and investigating crimes. In addition, the professionalism of criminals makes increased demands on law enforcement officers investigating crimes of this type, which means that it is necessary to constantly improve their training in the field of computer information and telecommunication technologies. The paper discusses some issues of classification of extremism using computer and telecommunication networks, gives a definition of extremism, and suggests ways to solve problems in the qualification and organization of the investigation of the crimes in question.

Socratic Irony and Argumentation

Socratic irony can be understood independently of the immortal heroics of Plato’s Socrates. We need a systematic account and criticism of it both as a debate-winning strategy of argumentation and teaching method. The Speaker introduces an issue pretending to be at a lower intellectual level than her co-debaters, or Participants. An Audience looks over and evaluates the results. How is it possible that the Speaker like Socrates is, consistently, in the winning position? The situation is ironic because the Participants fight from a losing position but realize it too late. Socratic irony compares with divine irony: divine irony is a subtype of Socratic irony since you lose when you challenge gods. Socratic irony is also, prima facie, a subtype of dramatic irony when the Audience knows more than the Participants on the stage. We must distinguish between the ideal and realistic elements of Socratic Irony. The very idea of Socratic irony looks idealized, or it is an ideal case, which explains the Speaker’s consistently winning position. In real life, the debate must be rigged, or the Dutch Book argument applies to the Participants, if the Speaker is so successful.

A Fusion Of Sensors Information On Path Tracking For Autonomous Driving Control Of An Electric Vehicle (EV)

Depending on an intellectual level and experience, each human may make judgments and respond to situations autonomously. The driver is alerted and knows what to do in a specific circumstance while driving. This research aims to see how individuals act when driving an electric car down a predetermined path. An electric buggy car is built with equipment and sensors called an Electric Vehicle (EV) in experiments. Individuals who meet specified requirements are chosen to analyse their driving behaviours, and data is collected using various sensors. The speed, steering wheel angle, heading, and position of the buggy car are recorded throughout the human navigation trials. After the tests, data on human behaviour while driving straight and turning left and right are collected.

Theological Controversy in England and Geneva

This chapter shows how Broughton’s historical and philological approach to scholarship as encouraged by his obsession with Jewish conversion played out in a major controversy of the sixteenth century: the meaning of Christ’s descent into hell. It argues that Broughton’s approach was revealingly different from the two major parties in the debate, the English Bishops and the Genevan divines, who were more concerned with the soteriological implications of Christ’s descent than any philological or historical questions. This, combined with Broughton’s ill-judged attempts to promote his work in Geneva, Zürich, and Basel alienated him from his coreligionists and left him extremely vulnerable to exploitation for confessional purposes—as a keen group of Jesuit onlookers were only too happy to discover. Thus, despite the fact that prominent scholars believed that Broughton’s work on the descent was correct on an intellectual level, his arguments were attacked and maligned. In studying this controversy, this chapter develops key themes of earlier chapters, including the problems caused by the appropriation of Broughton’s work by Catholic scholars; the ways in which controversy was generated from seemingly anodyne historical scholarship; and the serious consequences faced by those who, like Broughton, did not fully understand how deeply confessional identity and erudition were intertwined in this period.

FROM THE PARISH SCHOOL TO THE CITY HIGHER SCHOOL (ST. SAHAK AND MESROP SCHOOL IN NAKHICHEVAN-ON-DON)

This article is devoted to the history of the higher primary school of Saints Sahak and Mesrop and its role in raising the intellectual level of the Nakhichevan population. The Crimean Armenian immigrants resettled on the Don land from the very beginning showed concern for the education of the younger generation. Since that time, the first educational institutions of the city-parochial schools have ceased to meet the educational needs of the urban population, as a result of which some parochial schools have evolved to a higher primary school, which can be clearly seen on the example of the School named after Saint Sahak and Mesrop. The article traces the difficulties and problems that the school's management had to face in the process of its development. The author examines the educational programs, as well as the teaching staff of the school. The successful functioning of the school was due to the invaluable assistance from both the entire Nakhichevan society and individual patrons in the education of the local Armenian population.

The historical characteristics of the source domains in Chinese LIFE metaphor

This research investigates the diachronic variation of the source domains in Chinese LIFE metaphor. Close examination of data from historical corpora has revealed that the source domain types evolve gradual diversified changes based on the social material and cultural life. Specifically, the results show that (1) harsh living environment and farming understanding account for Chinese ancestors’ preference for crops as the source domain in their life metaphors, (2) the territory extension and duplicate metaphysics together give reasons why the Tang Chinese favor transportation as well as natural phenomenon as the source domains in their life metaphors, (3) the increasing material enrichment and cultural diversification of modern times provide experiential motivation of the gamut of source domain types in Mandarin life metaphors. Thus, a conclusion can be reached that metaphor variation reflects social material level and intellectual level throughout the ages.

Method and criteria for estimating the emergence and characteristics of architectures of interactive distributed computer and cyberphysical systems

The article analyzes the world level of software and hardware development of control, monitoring and management of complex distributed industrial and environmental facilities. The prospects of development and application of cyberphysical systems on the basis of the methodology of their organization offered by professor AO are noted. Miller. The urgency of solving the problem of synthesis of the theory, methodology and practice of IRKS construction by improving the architectures and data exchange systems of monitoring, interactive and dialogic RKS is emphasized. Based on the emergence criterion proposed by J. Martin, an improved criterion for estimating the emergence of the IRKS data node by taking into account the ratio of the number of reads to the number of data records is proposed. A method for estimating emergence based on the proposed classification of their architectures has been developed. The analysis of advantages and functional limitations of intellectual level of existing RKS architectures is carried out. The proposed architecture of a multilevel star-ring optical sensor network functionally and hardware-adapted to the conditions of application in landscape areas of nature reserves is given.