New hosts for the pyriform scale Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Greece

ABSTRACT There is much evidence that in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals, strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune pressure results in the selection of HIV-1 mutants that have escaped from wild-type-specific CTLs. If escape mutant-specific CTLs are not elicited in new hosts sharing donor HLA molecules, the transmission of these mutants results in the accumulation of escape mutants in the population. However, whether escape mutant-specific CTLs are definitively not elicited in new hosts sharing donor HLA molecules still remains unclear. A previous study showed that a Y-to-F substitution at the second position (2F) of the Nef138-10 epitope is significantly detected in HLA-A*2402+ hemophilic donors. Presently, we confirmed that this 2F mutant was an escape mutant by demonstrating strong and weak abilities of Nef138-10-specific CTL clones to suppress replication of the wild-type and 2F mutant viruses, respectively. We demonstrated the existence of the 2F-specific CTLs in three new hosts who had been primarily infected with the 2F mutant. The 2F-specific CTL clones suppressed the replication of both wild-type and mutant viruses. However, the abilities of these clones to suppress replication of the 2F virus were much weaker than those of wild-type-specific and the 2F-specific ones to suppress replication of the wild-type virus. These findings indicate that the 2F mutant is conserved in HIV-1-infected donors having HLA-A*2402, because the 2F-specific CTLs failed to completely suppress the 2F mutant replication and effectively prevented viral reversion in new hosts carrying HLA-A*2402.

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Reaction of Hordeum species to the smut fungi Ustilago nuda and U. tritici

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b87-276 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 65 (10) ◽

pp. 2024-2027 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Chilense ◽

Smut Fungi ◽

New Hosts ◽

Cultivated Barley ◽

Ustilago Nuda ◽

Hordeum Species ◽

Eleven Species

Eleven species of Hordeum were tested for their reaction to Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr. and U. tritici (Pers.) Rostr., the causes of the embryo-infecting loose smuts of cultivated barley and wheat, respectively. The species Hordeum chilense and H. depressum were resistant, while H. euclaston, H. halophilum, H. procerum, H. pusillum, and H. stenostachys were susceptible to both fungi. Hordeum muticum was susceptible only to U. nuda, while H. arizonicum, H. lechleri, and H. roshevitzii were susceptible only to U. tritici. The susceptible species are new hosts for these pathogens. It is proposed that these results, together with those of an earlier study, indicate that U. nuda evolved from U. tritici.

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Further Studies on Coenurus glomeratus

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00031436 ◽

1940 ◽

Vol 18 (2-3) ◽

pp. 95-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Phyllis A. Clapham

Keyword(s):

Old Age ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Small Area ◽

Cyst Formation ◽

Daughter Cyst ◽

New Hosts ◽

Growth And Reproduction

The structure of the normal coenurus of M. glomeratus is described and some observations have been made on its powers of budding and vegetative growth and reproduction. It is suggested that only a small area of the cyst has the power of growth and development and that budding and daughter cyst formation is an action which attempts to stave off old age and sterility. It has been found possible to cause new growths and infections by the transplantation of certain elements to new hosts. Some remarks are made on the occurrence of abnormalities in a coenurus cyst.

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Redescription of Echinuria hypognatha Wehr, 1937 (Nematoda; Acuariidae) including ecology and new hosts

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/s11687-012-0017-y ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 82-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Kavetska ◽

A. Stapf ◽

K. Królaczyk ◽

E. Kalisińska

Keyword(s):

Digestive Tract ◽

General Information ◽

Eastern Siberia ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Ecological Characteristics ◽

New Hosts ◽

Northwestern Poland ◽

Clangula Hyemalis

AbstractReports on the presence of Echinuria hypognatha Wehr, 1937 in Europe have so far provided only general information, and therefore we present further morphometric and ecological characteristics of this parasite. In this study, the examined nematodes were isolated from the digestive tract of 1 005 wild ducks, representing 17 species from the northwestern Poland. The anatomical features of the parasite were in principle consistent with the description of the species by its discoverer and reports in the available literature. Nematodes (505 individuals) were found in 2.5 % of the examined ducks, in five species wintering in Poland: Clangula hyemalis, Melanitta nigra, M. fusca, Mergellus albellus and Aythya fuligula. The exclusive locations of the nematode were the glands in the proventriculus. The highest incidence was recorded in Melanitta ducks, and the presence of this nematode only in birds wintering in Poland indicates that E. hypognatha is brought to Poland by birds migrating from the areas of Eastern Siberia.

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On Protozoal Blood Parasites Collected in Uganda

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000020564 ◽

1932 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 210-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Cecil A. Hoare

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

New Species ◽

Intermediate Host ◽

Blood Parasites ◽

Parasitic Protozoa ◽

History Of ◽

New Hosts ◽

Nomen Novum ◽

Glossina Palpalis

This paper contains a report on a collection of parasitic protozoa from the blood of some vertebrate animals of Uganda.Seven new species and a number of parasites recorded for new hosts are described. New observations on some known parasites are also recorded.An account is given of the life history of the crocodile haemogregarine. It is shown that the schizogony of Hepatozoon pettiti (nomen novum for Haemogregarina pettiti) occurs in the liver of the crocodile, while the sporogony takes place in Glossina palpalis, its intermediate host.A list of all the blood parasites found, together with their hosts, is given.

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Caryospora bigenetica (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in South America: new hosts and distribution records

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612015002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 101-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lúcio André Viana ◽

Kamilla Costa Mecchi ◽

Leonardo França do Nascimento ◽

Heitor Miraglia Herrera ◽

Paula Helena Santa-Rita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Polar Granule ◽

First Record ◽

Stieda Body ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Sporocyst Residuum ◽

The Family ◽

New Hosts ◽

Crotalus Durissus ◽

Bothrops Moojeni

The coccidian Caryospora bigenetica was first described in the snake Crotalus horridus (Viperidae) from United States of America. This study represents the first record of the occurrence of C. bigenetica in snakes in South America. Feces were sampled between November 2013 and May 2014 from 256 wild snakes maintained in scientific breeding facilities in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS; n = 214) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ; n = 42), Brazil. Caryospora bigenetica was found in 14 (5.6%) snakes, all belonging to the family Viperidae. Ten Bothrops moojeni and two Crotalus durissus from MS were infected. The coccidian was also found in one C. durissus and in one Bothrops jararacussu from the state of RJ. The oocysts were spherical with a double wall, the exterior lightly mammillated, striations apparent in transverse view, 13.0 µm (12 – 14); polar granule fixed in the internal wall. Sporocysts oval or pyriform, 10.0 × 8.0 µm (9 – 11 × 8 – 9); Stieda body discoid; sub-Stieda body present; sporocyst residuum present, formed by a group of spheroid bodies between sporozoites. This study increases the number of viperid hosts of C. bigenetica and expands the geographical distribution to South America.

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