scholarly journals Studies on Ear-Scab resistance of wheat varieties. 3. Relation of the "variety-testing" and the "seed reaction" of fusarial head blight in winter wheat varieties

1955 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moto-oki NAKAGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Variety Testing

scholarly journals Morphoagrobiological properties and productivity of new soft winter wheat varieties under the conditions of Kirovohrad variety testing station

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
О. Л. Уліч ◽  
Г. М. Каражбей ◽  
С. В. Козак ◽  
Ю. Ф. Терещенко ◽  
І. В. Коховська
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Variety Testing

scholarly journals AGROCHEMICAL ACTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MINERAL NUTRITION

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
В.В. Кошеляев ◽  
В.И. Сальников ◽  
И.П. Кошеляева
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Variety Testing

В настоящее время недостаточно известны объективные потребности растений в элементах питания, об этом свидетельствуют значительные различия между максимальными и средними значениями урожайности при испытании сортов. Существенные различия урожайности связаны с тем, что не учитываются генетические особенности сортов поглощать элементы питания из почвы и удобрений. В основном, как правило, применение удобрений рассчитывается на усредненное значение по культуре, а не под возделываемый сорт. В результате сортоиспытание без учета генетически обусловленных особенностей минерального питания приводит к тому, что агрохимически активные сорта снимаются с испытания, так как для реализации их генетического потенциала не созданы соответствующие условия минерального питания. Цель работы – оценить общую и специфическую отзывчивость сортов озимой пшеницы на применение минеральных удобрений и выделить агрохимически активные формы. Для достижения цели был заложен двухфакторный полевой опыт. Фактор А – сорта озимой пшеницы, фактор В – уровни минерального питания. В результате установлено, что наиболее агрохимически активными формами являются сорта озимой пшеницы Скипетр, Клавдия 2 и Московская 56. Сорта Безенчукская 380, Немчиновская 57 и Фотинья характеризуются как формы с меньшей агрохимической активностью. At present, the objective nutrient requirements of plants are not well known, as evidenced by the significant differences between maximum and average yields in variety trials. Significant differences in yields are due to the fact that the genetic characteristics of varieties to absorb nutrients from soil and fertilizer are not taken into account. For the most part, fertilizer application is calculated as a crop average rather than for the variety being cultivated. As a result, variety testing without taking into account genetically determined features of mineral nutrition leads to the fact that agrochemically active varieties are withdrawn from testing, because appropriate conditions of mineral nutrition are not created for realization of their genetic potential. The aim of the work is to evaluate the general and specific responsiveness of winter wheat varieties to the application of mineral fertilizers and to identify agrochemically active forms. In order to achieve the objective a two-factor field experiment was laid. Factor A - winter wheat varieties, factor B - mineral nutrition levels. As a result, it was found that the most agrochemically active forms are winter wheat varieties Skipetr, Klavdiya 2 and Moskovskaya 56. Bezenchukskaya 380, Nemchinovskaya 57 and Fotinya varieties are characterized as forms with less agrochemical activity.

scholarly journals Resistance of winter wheat varieties registered in the Czech Republic to Fusarium head blight in relation to the presence of specific Rht Alleles

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 122-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chrpová ◽  
V. Šíp ◽  
L. Štočková ◽  
Z. Milec ◽  
L. Bobková
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Resistance of 31 winter wheat varieties (bred in 6 European countries) to Fusarium head blight (FHB) was evaluated in field trials lasting for three years (2007, 2008, 2009) after artificial inoculation with Fusarium culmorum. The data on deoxynivalenol (DON) content were supplemented by symptom scores and determination of % of Fusarium damaged grains and % reductions of thousand-grain weight and grain weight per spike due to infection. These varieties and also 120 advanced breeding lines from the Úhřetice Breeding Station, SELGEN company were examined for the presence of gibberellic acid (GA) insensitive semi-dwarfing genes to evaluate their effect on FHB. The conditions of experimental years highly influenced the performance of all characters. The highest production of DON occurred in 2008 at a high temperature and high moisture content during the infection period. In all years the moderate resistance to accumulation of DON (at the level of Swiss variety Arina) was detected in the Czech varieties Bakfis, Federer, Baletka, Samanta and Sakura. Among these varieties, Federer showed a low accumulation of DON at a relatively higher symptom expression and greater reduction of grain weight per spike, but the other four varieties and the reference variety Arina expressed resistance in all the examined traits. The varieties Pitbull, Cubus, Kodex and Bagou were found to be highly susceptible to FHB. The presence of the dwarfing allele Rht-D1b resulted in a significantly higher mean symptom score and also in a higher affection of the other traits. Nonetheless, the analysis of frequency distributions in symptom scores showed the presence of resistant lines also among the GA insensitive lines, but with a lower frequency than in the group of GA sensitive genotypes. A relatively greater effect on manifestation of the disease had plant height, and therefore it is suggested that the adverse impact of Rht-D1b on FHB resistance could be to a high degree excluded by opting for taller Rht-D1b genotypes.

scholarly journals Characterization of resistance of winter wheat varieties to Fusarium head blight

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yu. Gagkaeva ◽  
A. S. Orina ◽  
O. P. Gavrilova ◽  
I. B. Ablova ◽  
L. A. Bespalova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

In this study, naturally and artificially inoculated winter wheat varieties were studied with respect to their productivity and resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB). We used the following set of disease assessment parameters: the percentage of visually and latent Fusarium-damaged grains (FDG); the DNA content of Fusarium fungi; the productivity of inoculated plants compared with non-inoculated plants; and the amount of mycotoxins in the grain. In case of naturally infected grains, the average FDG was found to be about 6.1 % (range of 0–15 %). The amount of DNA of Fusarium graminearum was found to be in the range of (1.1–42.7) × 10–5 ng/ng wheat DNA. The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) was detected in 15 samples of grain from plants that were grown under natural infection. The maximum DON amount was found to be 420 μg/kg. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) was not be detected in naturally infected grain. In case of artificially inoculated plants, the average FDG was found to be 25.8 % (2–54 %). The amount of F. graminearum DNA was found to be significantly higher (4.24– 49.8) × 10–3 ng/ng than it was detected in grain of non-inoculated plants. The wheat varieties inoculated with F. graminearum contained DON in high amounts from 20255 to 79245 μg/kg. Furthermore, a significant amount of FB1 was detected in all wheat varieties in the range of 980–20326 μg/kg. Among the analysed wheat varieties, Adel was characterized to be the most resistant to fungal infection as well as to the contamination by mycotoxins. Antonina, Lebed and Pamyat varieties were classified more relatively resistant than that of other varieties, and Utrish variety was found to be the most susceptible to FHB. The similar resistance of wheat varieties against F. graminearum and F. verticillioides infection was recorded, and the interactions between the fungi during the colonization of grain were shown.

scholarly journals Assessment of yield and adaptive properties of winter wheat varieties in the Udmurt Republic conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-511
Author(s):  
A. G. Kuryleva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Test Site ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Variety Testing

In various soil and climatic conditions of the Udmurt Republic, according to yield data (2016-2018) of state variety testing plots (GSU), ecological plasticity, stress resistance, genetic flexibility of 10 zoned and new varieties of winter wheat (standard - Volzhskaya K) were evaluated. The soil of the state variety testing sites: soddy-telopodzol sandy loamy - Uvinsky state varietal test site; light-gray forest heavy loamy - Sarapulsky state varietal test site; sod-mid-podzolic medium loamy - Mozhginsky state varietal test site. The agrometeorological conditions of the growing seasons differed in terms of heat and moisture supply: 2016 - hot and dry (hydrothermic coefficient – 0.70), 2017 - excessively humid (hydrothermic coefficient – 2.14), 2018 - wet (hydrothermic coefficient – 1.21). A high yield of winter wheat varieties was revealed in the southern zone of the Udmurt Republic (Sarapulskiy GSU - 3.32 t/ha and Mozhginskiy GSU - 2.95 t/ha). Weather conditions of the year mostly influenced the formation of winter wheat yield - 64.8-98.5 %. The share of participation of the variety is 0.8-31.7 %. A relatively high (3.40-3.47 t/ha) "genetic flexibility" of varieties Darina, Mera and Kazanskaya 285 was revealed, 7-9 % higher than the Volzhskaya K standard. The highest level of environmental sustainability was established in the varieties Volzhskaya K and Mera ‒ d = 67.36-67.44 %. According to the indicators of plasticity, a strong response to changes in environmental conditions was revealed in Darina, Mera, Universiada varieties (bi = 1.05-1.09); weak reaction – in Biryuza and Ilot varieties (bi = 0.91-0.92); plastic varieties - Volzhskaya K, Bashkirskaya 10, Italmas, Kazanskaya 285 and Moskovskaya 39 (bi = 0.96-1.01). The smallest gap between the maximum and the minimum yield (stress resistance) was noted for the Ilot variety ‒ 2.91 t/ha.

scholarly journals The assessment of winter wheat agrocenoses adaptivity in the conditions of the submontane zone of the Central Caucasus

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Manukyan ◽  
E.S. Miroshnikova ◽  
V.I. Gasiev ◽  
T.S. Abieva ◽  
N.L. Machneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Stable Variety ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Triple Mixture ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The article presents the results of 3 years study on the adaptation of the properties of various winter wheat varieties to the conditions of the submontane zone of the Central Caucasus. The indicator of the ontogenetic adaptability was the homeostaticity of the plants. We have studied thirty winter wheat varieties according to the parameters of ecological plasticity, productivity and resistance to the destructive complex of diseases and pests like Fusarium head blight, brown and yellow rust, Septoria blight, tan spot etc. The yield of the mixed variety crops was 4.5 t/ha; the increase was 9%. In the crops of the triple mixture of the strong Veda and Delta varieties (25%) with the valuable Batko variety (50%), which differed in resistance to various diseases, the average yield of 52 cwt/ha was obtained with the protein content of 12%, the gluten content of 28% and the flour strength of 320 a.u. The authors used the resistance of the precocious Kuma variety to the damage by the cereal leaf beetle as a protective screening crop along with the field perimeter. Such a screening crop of the stable variety prevents the colonization of the crops of the other less resistant varieties with pests. The genetic diversity of the variety creates the conditions for regulating and stabilizing the phytosanitary state of the crops and increasing their productivity. With this agrotechnical method, it becomes possible to regulate and stabilize the phytosanitary situation in the fields and to increase grain productivity and quality.

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