COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF A NEW FLAX VARIETY "CHANCE" OF THE PSKOV SELECTION ACCORDING TO THE MAIN ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE CHARACTERISTICS

Целью исследований являлась комплексная оценка нового сорта льна-долгунца Шанс по основным хозяйственно ценным признакам и параметрам адаптивности в условиях Северо-Западного региона на основе конкурсного сортоиспытания, проводимого в 2016-2018 годах и производственной проверки в 2019 году. ГТК за период вегетации был равен 1,98 в 2016 г., в 2017 г. – 1,60 и в 2018 г. – 0,95. Как показали расчеты индекса среды, наиболее благоприятные условия для роста и развития льна-долгунца сложились в 2017 г. (Ij = +3,98), и худшие – в 2018 г. (Ij = -3,68). Сорт Шанс раннеспелый (период вегетации 71-85 дней), высокорослый (82-88 см), относительно устойчив к фузариозу (89-94%) и полеганию (4-5 баллов), отличается высоким содержанием волокна в соломе (всего 36,0-36,5%, в том числе длинного 27,3-28,1%). По содержанию всего волокна он превышал стандарт на 2,4% (абс.), а длинного – на 0,8% (абс.) В среднем за годы исследований урожайность льносоломы составила 52,1 ц/га, семян 6,0 ц/га, что незначительно превышало стандарт соответственно на 3,6 и 7,1%. По урожайности всего льноволокна (18,9 ц/га) он достоверно превысил стандарт на 1,9 ц/га при НСР0,95 или на 10,4%. По прочности волокна, которая измеряется по разрывной нагрузке, сорт Шанс в среднем за 2 года имел равный стандарту Восход показатель (10,5 кгс), а по гибкости превосходил последнего на 2,5 мм (50,5 мм). Сорт Шанс в сравнении со стандартом в большей степени адаптирован к условиям внешней среды. Он характеризуется более низкой вариабельностью урожайности волокна по годам исследований (Cv – 4,75%), более высокой стрессоустойчивостью (-5,3) и генетической гибкостью. Сорт Шанс пластичный (bi – 0,91), относится к сортам нейтрального типа, которые слабо отзываются на улучшение условий среды, но более эффективны на более низких агрофонах и в зонах рискованного земледелия, к которым относится и Псковская область. В производственных условиях урожайность льноволокна у нового сорта составила 22,5 ц/га, что на 2,0 ц или 12,1% больше стандарта (НСР0,95 – 0,92 ц/га). В настоящее время сорт находится в государственном сортоиспытании. The purpose of the research was a comprehensive assessment of a new variety of flax «Chance» according to the main economically valuable characteristics and adaptability parameters in the conditions of the North-Western region on the basis of a competitive variety testing conducted in 2016-2018 and a production inspection in 2019. The SCC for the growing season was equal to 1.98 in 2016, 1.60 in 2017 and 0.95 in 2018. As the calculations of the environment index showed, the most favorable conditions for the growth and development of flax were formed in 2017 (Ij = +3.98), and the worst-in 2018 (Ij = -3.68). The «Chance» variety is early-maturing (the growing season is 71-85 days), tall (82-88 cm), relatively resistant to fusarium (89-94%) and lodging (4-5 points), has a high fiber content in straw (only 36.0-36.5%, including 27.3- 28.1% long). In terms of the content of the entire fiber, it exceeded the standard by 2.4% (abs.), and the long fiber -by 0.8% (abs.). On average, over the years of research, the yield of flax straw was 52.1 c/ha, seeds 6.0 c/ha, which slightly exceeded the standard by 3.6 and 7.1%, respectively. In terms of the yield of all flax fiber (18.9 c/ha), it significantly exceeded the standard by 1.9 c/ha at NSR0.95 or by 10.4%. According to the strength of the fiber, which is measured by the breaking load, the «Chance» grade on average for 2 years had an indicator equal to the standard of the Sunrise (10.5 kgf), and in terms of flexibility it exceeded the latter by 2.5 mm (50.5 mm). The «Chance» variety is more adapted to the environmental conditions in comparison with the standard. It is characterized by a lower variability of fiber yield over the years of research (Cv-4.75), higher stress resistance (-5.3) and genetic flexibility. The plastic «Chance» variety (bi – 0.91) belongs to neutral-type varieties that respond poorly to improving environmental conditions, but are more effective at lower agricultural zones and in risky farming zones, which include the Pskov region. Under production conditions, the yield of flax fiber in the new variety was 22.5 c/ha, which is 2.0 c or 12.1% more than the standard (NSR0,95-0.92 c/ha). Currently, the variety is in the state variety testing.

Adaptivity of sweet pepper varieties cultivated in the Astrakhan region

In agricultural production, it is important not only to achieve a high productivity, but also to ensure its stability. To obtain high and stable yields, it is necessary to have information on the adaptability of crops varieties and hybrids to a specific cultivation zone. The article analyzes the results of the field experiment on the variety testing of sweet pepper. To assess the variety for adaptability to natural conditions and cultivation technology in the Astrakhan region, such parameters as plasticity and stability of the variety were used. To characterize the ecological plasticity, the regression coefficient bi was determined, which characterizes response of the cultivar to changes in cultivation conditions. To characterize the parameter of stability, the standard deviation from the regression line 2d. was calculated. All calculations were carried out according to S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell as presented by V.Z. Pakudin.

New cultivar of soybean Gorinskaya

The paper presents results of research into breeding of the new soybean cultivar Gorinskaya by the methods of hybridization and individual selection. Soybean varieties SibNIIK-315 (female parent) and Fiskebi V (male parent) were used as a starting material. The studies were carried out in the forest-steppe zone of the Western Siberia (Novosibirsk region). Soybean Gorinskaya belongs to the Manchu subspecies. The plants have a light brown (reddish) pubescence of the stem, leaves, beans. The growth pattern and the type of apex is intermediate, the number of branches is 1–3, the angle of branching is 20–30 degrees, the bush is compressed. The height to the first branch is 6–10 cm, the attachment height of the lower pod is 10–13 cm. The beans are distributed evenly throughout the plant. The length of the stem is 55–75 cm, the number of internodes on the stem is 12–15. The inflorescence is a small-flowered raceme of 3-5 flowers. The corolla is purple in color. The pods are slightly curved with a pointed tip; when ripe, they acquire a brown color. The seeds are elongated-oval, greenish-yellow in color, without pigmentation. The seed hilum is brown. The cultivar is the grain variety for use. The yield in the competitive variety testing reached 29.4 c / ha. The mass of seeds per plant is 10–12 g, the mass of 1000 seeds is 150–160 g. The number of seeds per pod is 2-3; the average number of pods per 1 productive node is 2-3. The protein content in seeds is 35-38, fat – 17-19%. Duration of the vegetative period is 100-105 days. The cultivar is medium resistant to diseases, cold, drought, and soil salinity. In 2018, the Gorinskaya soybean variety was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use in the Russian Federation for the East Siberian region.

RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF COLLECTIBLE VARIETIES OF PEAS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE KIROV REGION

The article presents the results of studying the genotypes of peas by a complex of breeding valua-ble traits. The research was carried out in 2014-2021 in accordance with the methodological guidelines of the VIR and the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops. The objects of study are 59 collectible varieties of peas of various morphotypes, the standard is the Krasnoufimsky 93 variety (Sverdlovsk region). The aim of the work was to isolate the genetic sources of peas by a set of traits for further use in the breeding process. The weather conditions during the study period were contrasting, which allowed the most objective assessment of the studied samples. Grain yields ranged from 126 g/m2 (2021 g) to 468 g/m2 (2014 g). As a result of the study, varietal samples were determined that significantly exceeded the standard for grain yield. The highest yield on average for 2014-2021 was obtained from samples Tigra (Germany) – 437 g/m2, Stabil (Austria) – 376 g/m2, Grana (USA) – 353 g/m2, G-21594 (Kirov region) – 340 g/m2, G-24596 – 331 g/m2, etc. Genotypes with high indicators of productivity elements were identified. The maximum value of the number of productive nodes was noted in the Serio variety (USA) – 4.6 pcs., the number of beans – in G-21594 (7.5 pcs.), the number of grains – in the Verkholuzskaya variety (Komi Republic, 32.2 pcs.), productivity – in the Stabil variety (6.6 g). Most of the studied genotypes (78%) had a mass of 1000 seeds 150-250 g. The largest seeds were characterized by sample No. 40 (Bulgaria, weight of 1000 seeds 340 g). It was found that the grain yield, the number of productive nodes, beans and grains per plant differed the most in the studied cultivars, the mass of 1000 seeds varied slightly.

Razdolye – a new mid-late variety of soft winter wheat

Wheat bread rightfully belongs to the greatest inventions of mankind. The aim of the research is to characterize the new Razdolye soft winter wheat variety for compliance with these requirements. The research was carried out in 2016-2020. The research object was the Razdolye winter wheat variety. The Ermak variety was used as a standard. The accounting area of the plot is 10 m2. The Razdolye variety was submitted to the State Variety Testing of the ARC “Donskoy” jointly with the Federal State Budgetary Organisation “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”. Razdolye has a high grain yield. The average yield of Razdolye in competitive trials for the predecessor green manure fallow over five years of study (2016-2020) was 10.57 t/ha, which is 1.68 t/ha higher than the standard variety Ermak. By ripening, it belongs to the middle late ripeness group, hatches and ripens 4 days later than the standard variety. Possesses high drought resistance, heat resistance, frost resistance and resistance to the main diseases of the region. Razdolye is being studied since the fall of 2020 in the North Caucasus, Lower Volga and Central Black Earth regions of the Russian Federation.

Results of competitive variety testing of new squash varieties in Uzbekistan

The aim of the research is to breed short climbing, early maturing, high-yielding varieties of squash in the natural and climatic zone of Uzbekistan.Methods. The samples of squash 0044SQ (Holland) and BT+KB-001 (Turkey) were taken from the gene pool of the Research Institute of Plant Industry (Uzbekistan) in 2012 for breeding work. In 2013, squash samples were studied in the nursery of the source material, where they were evaluated for biological and economically valuable traits. Individual selection of plants was carried out. In further breeding work (2014-2016 and 2018), the lines LZ-2513 and LH-1916 were distinguished.Results. The method of analytical breeding created short-climbing, early maturing, high-yielding of squash lines LZ-2513 and LH-1916. Line LZ-2513 has rounded fruits of light green color. The LH-1916 variety has elongated, dark green fruits. Competitive variety trials of new lines were conducted in 2019-2020. Unumdor variety zoned in the republic served as a standard. It was found that from sprouting to maturity of the fruit in the line LZ-2513 is 44 days, in the line LH-1916 – 45 days. High marketable yield was recorded for squash line LZ-2513 – 18.3 tons/ha (122% of the standard); in line LH-1916 marketable yield was 16.4 tons/ha (112.4% of the standard). This year we organized the primary seed production of squash lines LZ-2513 and LH-1916 for multiplication.Conclusion. Promising for cultivation in conditions of Uzbekistan squash line LZ-2513 Orbita (NAP 20200087) and line LH-1916 Viridi (NAP 20200088) were submitted to the Intellectual Property Agency under the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan to be patented.

Female flowering lines as the basis for new highly productive F1 zucchini hybrids

Relevance. The modern marrow seed market shows the prospect of creating F1 hybrids that have the maximum return on a high-quality crop. For their successful selection, parental forms with a complex of economically valuable traits and a high combinational ability are required. The most important role is played by the female zucchini maternal lines of flowering type, which allow for hybrid seed production with free pollination and obtain high quality F1 hybrid seeds.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out at of the Krymsk EBS VIR Branch (Russia, Krasnodar Region, Krymsk) in 2019-2021. Variety testing of lines and hybrids was carried out in the open field in the fields of selective crop rotation. The plot area was 5 m2, the experiment was repeated three times.Results. The general combinative ability of parental squash lines was studied, maternal forms with a positive GCA effect on early yield (F5 409-1, F5 409-2) and on total yield (F5 409-1) were identified. A preliminary variety testing of hybrid combinations was carried out in comparison with the standards F1 Belogor and F1 Pascal. The main economically valuable traits have been studied: early maturity, early and general yield, marketability, product attractiveness. F1 hybrids of zucchini were identified, obtained on the basis of maternal forms of the female type of flowering F5 409-1, F5 409-2 in terms of yield (early above 17,7 t/ha and total above 46,7 t/ha), and marketability, more than 83,2%.Conclusions. The high productivity of F1 zucchini hybrids obtained on the basis of maternal forms of the female flowering type F5 409-1, F5 409-2 proves the promising nature of their use in breeding. As a result of two years of study, a hybrid F1 (409-1×305) was isolated, with a complex of economically valuable traits: early yield 19,6 t/ha, total yield 52,6 t/ha, marketability 84,3%, attractive appearance of fruits.

New variety of the Lychnis coronaria (L.) Murray Ex Desr. Malinovy Rassvet selected by FSBSI FSVC

Relevance and methodology. Lychnis coronaria is a perennial herbaceous plant with high decorative properties, with prolonged flowering in the second or third year of vegetation. The pubescent leaves form beautiful rosettes. The plant is undemanding to the growing conditions. The research material was the varietal population of Lychnis coronaria. The study was carried out in the open ground of the Moscow region (2014- 2021) on experimental plots of the flower crops sector of the FSBSI FSVC.Results. The most aligned form according to decorative features was identified – LC 1-21 with high seed productivity of inflorescences, decorative and winter hardiness. A variety testing and preliminary reproduction of a promising cultivar of Lychnis coronaria was carried out. This variety was transferred to the FSBI "State Export Commission" in 2021 under the name “Malinovy Rassvet”. Such signs as "plant height", "bush diameter", "number of ornamental shoots", "flower diameter" had a low or average variation value, which characterizes this sample as the most aligned. Thus, the cv. “Malinovy Rassvet” of Lychnis coronaria is recommended for cultivation and use for decorative purposes. The leaves and the bright color of the flowers provide a contrast to the perennial borders and flower beds. It looks good both in single and group plantings, as well as in cutting. It is grown as a short-lived perennial. The main advantages of the variety are the color fastness of flowers when burned out in the sun, resistance to diseases and pests, high seed productivity.