Effects of artificial bleeding upon the systemic blood pressure and the blood flow of the internal carotid artery and the role of the sinus nerve in rabbits

Diameter reductions in the internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) contribute to the decline in brain blood with hypotension. The decline in vertebral blood flow with hypotension was greater when carbon dioxide was low; this was not apparent in the ICA.

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Clinical Utility of Quantitative Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements during Internal Carotid Artery Test Occlusions

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-200205000-00012 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 996-1005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Randolph S. Marshall ◽

Ronald M. Lazar ◽

William L. Young ◽

Robert A. Solomon ◽

Shailendra Joshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Internal Carotid Artery ◽

Clinical Utility ◽

Internal Carotid ◽

Flow Measurements ◽

Blood Flow Measurements

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Control of Blood Pressure and the Distribution of Blood Flow

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s0266462300012551 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

pp. 79-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hans T. Versmold

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cardiac Output ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Systemic Blood Pressure ◽

Adrenergic Innervation ◽

Systemic Blood ◽

Low Cardiac Output ◽

Neurohumoral Control ◽

The Brain

Systemic blood pressure (BP) is the product of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance. Cardiac output is controlled by the heart rate, myocardial contractility, preload, and afterload. Vascular resistance (vascular hindrance × viscosity) is under local autoregulation and general neurohumoral control through sympathetic adrenergic innervation and circulating catecholamines. Sympathetic innovation predominates in organs receivingflowin excess of their metabolic demands (skin, splanchnic organs, kidney), while innervation is poor and autoregulation predominates in the brain and heart. The distribution of blood flow depends on the relative resistances of the organ circulations. During stress (hypoxia, low cardiac output), a raise in adrenergic tone and in circulating catecholamines leads to preferential vasoconstriction in highly innervated organs, so that blood flow is directed to the brain and heart. Catecholamines also control the levels of the vasoconstrictors renin, angiotensin II, and vasopressin. These general principles also apply to the neonate.

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Computational study of blood flow characteristics on formation of the aneurysm in internal carotid artery

The European Physical Journal Plus ◽

10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01545-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 136 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Xiao-Yong Shen ◽

M. Barzegar Gerdroodbary ◽

Amir Musa Abazari ◽

Rasoul Moradi

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Internal Carotid Artery ◽

Internal Carotid ◽

Computational Study ◽

Flow Characteristics

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Retinal macroaneurysm after carotid endarterectomy in patient with chronic ischemic retinopathy associated with hemodynamically significant stenosis of the internal carotid artery (clinical case)

Modern technologies in ophtalmology ◽

10.25276/2312-4911-2021-3-274-277 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 274-277

Author(s):

V.V. Tuzlaev ◽

◽

O.V. Kolenko ◽

V.V. Egorov ◽

I.Z. Kravchenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Internal Carotid Artery ◽

Carotid Endarterectomy ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Internal Carotid ◽

Significant Stenosis ◽

Ischemic Retinopathy ◽

Retinal Macroaneurysm ◽

Intraretinal Hemorrhages

Purpose. To present a clinical case of development of retinal macroaneurysm after carotid endarterectomy (CE) in patient with chronic ischemic retinopathy (CIR) associated with hemodynamically significant stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Material and methods. Patient R., 74 years old, diagnosed with CIR of the 1st degree of severity of the right eye. In addition to standard ophthalmic examination methods, Doppler ultrasound with registration of blood flow in the orbital artery and spiral computed tomography of the ICA were performed. Results. Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) of the retina led to obliteration of the retinal macroaneurysm, resorption of intraretinal hemorrhages, and stabilization of the course of CIR after CE of the ICA. Conclusion. The appearance of retinal macroaneurysm and intraretinal hemorrhages after CE in patient with CIR associated with hemodynamically significant ICA stenosis can be regarded as reperfusion complications after restoration of blood flow in the orbital artery, which requires timely retinal PRP of the retina. Key words: chronic ischemic retinopathy, retinal macroaneurysm, internal carotid artery, carotid endarterectomy.

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Abstract WMP40: Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Tortuosity as a Marker of Non-Atherosclerotic Aging: Results From the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS)

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.51.suppl_1.wmp40 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Farid Khasiyev ◽

Tatjana Rundek ◽

Chensy Marquez ◽

Clinton B. Wright ◽

Ralph Sacco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carotid Artery ◽

Internal Carotid Artery ◽

Internal Carotid ◽

Genetic Disorders ◽

Matrix Remodeling ◽

Plaque Area ◽

Blood Pressures ◽

The Right ◽

Cervical Internal Carotid Artery

Background: Cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) tortuosity has been associated with vascular risk and stroke as well as genetic disorders related to abnormal extracellular matrix remodeling. It is plausible that dystrophic or aberrant arterial remodeling may therefore relate to cervical ICA tortuosity. We hypothesized that cervical ICA tortuosity relates to carotid dilatation, but not to traditional ultrasound (US) markers of atherosclerosis. Methods: Subjects of the NOMAS with available time-of-flight MRA were included in our study. Cervical ICA tortuosity was defined as a bend in the distal cervical ICA of > 90° as seen on MRA. We excluded subjects with < 5 cm of the cervical ICA visualized. Distensibility was calculated as the percentage excursion of the right CCA diastolic diameter during systole, which was assessed by high-resolution B-mode US of the right common carotid artery (CCA). We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to estimate odds ratios for the association of cervical ICA tortuosity and Doppler measures of carotid wall aging. Results: We visualized cervical ICA tortuosity in 468 NOMAS participants (mean age 64±8 years, 70% women, 70% Hispanic). It was present in 23% of subjects. In unadjusted models, cervical ICA tortuosity was more common in women (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.34-4.11), Hispanics (OR 1.85, 95%CI 1.06-3.25) and those with higher diastolic blood pressures (OR per mm Hg 1.04, 95%CI 1.01-1.06), and less common among smokers (OR 0.23, 95%CI 0.07-0.78). In models adjusted for demographic and vascular risks, right CCA tortuosity was associated with ipsilateral larger CCA DD (OR 1.42, 95%CI 1.02-1.96) and borderline associated with lower distensibility (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.87-1.01, P=0.06) but not with ipsilateral ICA IMT (OR 0.26, 95%CI 0.14-4.77), number of plaques (OR 1.08, 95%CI 0.76-1.53), maximum plaque thickness (OR 0.96, 95%CI 0.73-1.27), or plaque area (1.00, 95%CI 0.97-1.05). Conclusions: Cervical ICA tortuosity associates with ipsilateral cervical ICA dilatation and lower distensibility, but not with traditional US markers of atherosclerosis. The association with diastolic blood pressure suggests a role of steady, rather than pulsatile, hemodynamics in aberrant cervical ICA remodeling.

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