On the Dose Coefficient of Uranium Hexafluoride

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
S. Babenko ◽  
A. Bad'in
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Radiation Effect ◽  
Uranium Hexafluoride ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Hydrolysis Products

Introduction: Uranium hexafluoride (UF6, UHF) is a gaseous product containing uranium and fluorine. Once in the air, it interacts with water vapor and produces hydrolysis products that can penetrate the human body and lead to the chemical effects of uranium and fluorine, as well as the radiation effects of uranium on the body. This action can be very strong and therefore serious attention has been paid to its study for a long time. Purpose: Quantitative calculation of the radiation effects of uranium on humans and their analysis in the conditions of daily work at nuclear power plants, as well as in emergency situations. Material and methods: We consider uranium hexafluoride that appears under certain conditions in the air of the working rooms of some enterprises and describes methods for describing the distribution of UHF hydrolysis products to objects that can sense their effects. All these methods are combined into a single integrated model. The analytical expressions obtained in the framework of this model at various stages are given, which make it possible to calculate the radiation effect of UHF. Results: The calculated values of the characteristics of the radiation exposure are given, their analysis is carried out. The conditions are formulated under which there is a danger of serious radiation exposure of uranium hexafluoride to employees of nuclear power plants during everyday work and in emergency situations. Conclusion: Based on all the material presented, it is concluded that the constructed mathematical model reliably describes the event in question and allows us to calculate the radiation effect of uranium on humans.

Quantitative resilience evaluation on recovery from emergency situations in nuclear power plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 108220
Author(s):  
Ji Tae Kim ◽  
Jonghyun Kim ◽  
Poong Hyun Seong ◽  
Jooyoung Park
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Emergency Situations

The analysis of emergency situations related to fires at nuclear power plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
S. A. Titov ◽  
N. M. Barbin ◽  
A. M. Kobelev
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Large Fires ◽  
Short Circuits ◽  
Nuclear Reactor Core

Introduction. The article provides a system and statistical analysis of emergency situations associated with fires at nuclear power plants (NPPs) in various countries of the world for the period from 1955 to 2019. The countries, where fires occurred at nuclear power plants, were identified (the USA, Great Britain, Switzerland, the USSR, Germany, Spain, Japan, Russia, India and France). Facilities, exposed to fires, are identified; causes of fires are indicated. The types of reactors where accidents and incidents, accompanied by large fires, have been determined.The analysis of major emergency situations at nuclear power plants accompanied by large fires. During the period from 1955 to 2019, 27 large fires were registered at nuclear power plants in 10 countries. The largest number of major fires was registered in 1984 (three fires), all of them occurred in the USSR. Most frequently, emergency situations occurred at transformers and cable channels — 40 %, nuclear reactor core — 15 %, reactor turbine — 11 %, reactor vessel — 7 %, steam pipeline systems, cooling towers — 7 %. The main causes of fires were technical malfunctions — 33 %, fires caused by the personnel — 30 %, fires due to short circuits — 18 %, due to natural disasters (natural conditions) — 15 % and unknown reasons — 4 %. A greater number of fires were registered at RBMK — 6, VVER — 5, BWR — 3, and PWR — 3 reactors.Conclusions. Having analyzed accidents, involving large fires at nuclear power plants during the period from 1955 to 2019, we come to the conclusion that the largest number of large fires was registered in the USSR. Nonetheless, to ensure safety at all stages of the life cycle of a nuclear power plant, it is necessary to apply such measures that would prevent the occurrence of severe fires and ensure the protection of personnel and the general public from the effects of a radiation accident.

The Development of Radiation-Resistant RF Tags for Use at Nuclear Power Plants

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Teraura ◽  
Kunio Ito ◽  
Naoki Takahashi ◽  
Kouichi Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Radiation Resistant ◽  
Rf Tags ◽  
Rf Tag

RF tags based on RFID (Radio-frequency Identification) technology have been widely used in various fields including power plant construction and maintenance for the purpose of improving the identification and traceability of the many components in the facility. To date, various types of tags have been developed, including tags that are resistant to chemicals or high-temperature environments, which are used in specialized fields. When considering widespread use of RF tags in nuclear power plants, there is a concern about the effects of radiation on the RF tags, because the data stored in the tag may receive radiation damage, resulting in corruption of data. Here, we describe a newly designed RF tag that achieves resistance to radiation damage by attaching a radiation shield layer and incorporating automatic data-correction software. This radiation-resistant RF tag has been tested under real radiation exposure fields to verify the intended radiation-resistant functions. It is expected that the use of these radiation-resistant RF tags with a data reader and database system will increase the capabilities of RF tags applied to nuclear power plants and it is also expected to lead to reductions in worker radiation exposure doses.

Safety Assessment of Disposal Container for Higher Activity Low Level Waste

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motonori Nakagami ◽  
Seiji Komatsuki ◽  
Kyosuke Fujisawa ◽  
Takashi Nishio ◽  
Thomas Quercetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Fracture Strain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unstable Fracture ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Drop Tests

As one of the studies on “yoyushindo disposal” whose concept is similar to an intermediate disposal, the development of a disposal container has been conducted by the Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan. To assess a drop event of a waste package in which stored the radioactive wastes from nuclear power plants, the toughness of the disposal container was evaluated by drop tests using three specimens which have actual dimensions, drop analysis, fracture mechanics assessment and macroscopic tests. The three specimens for drop tests were manufactured in consideration of the design specifications and the manufacture operations in nuclear power plants. The lid plates of the specimens were welded to the body plates without pre- and post-weld heat treatment by using a remote automated welding machine. The drop tests showed that no penetration cracks or splash of its content occurred in the disposal container under conservative conditions such as the maximum weight and height in the handling. Drop analysis and the fracture mechanics assessment indicate that the strain induced by the drop impact did not exceed the fracture strain and an unstable fracture did not occur. And macroscopic tests showed that penetration cracks did not occur at 8m drop events. These tests and evaluations confirmed that the disposal container had sufficient toughness.

Development of Ladder Climbing Robot LCR-1

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. lida ◽  
◽  
H. Hozumi ◽  
R. Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Climbing Robot ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Laborious Work ◽  
Limit Switch

A new mobile robot has been developed, which is capable of ascending and descending vertical ladders such as those used in nuclear power plants and other facilities. The Ladder Climbing Robot releases personnel from dangerous and laborious work at high elevations. The body of the robot has four grippers which grip each rung of the ladder as it ascends or descends. Each gripper is able to move up, down, forward or backward, and has two kinds of sensors to detect a rung: one photoelectric-switch and one limit-switch. The robot can operate automatically or be remote controlled. Three of the grippers are continuously in contact with the ladder rungs to prevent falling. As a result of experiment, it has been confirmed that in trials the prototype model LCR-1 with a built-in microcomputer can ascend and descend an actual vertical ladder automatically.

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