scholarly journals How Does Nature Accomplish Spooky Action at a Distance?

Quanta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Mani L. Bhaumik
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Quantum Correlation ◽  
Quantum Nonlocality ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Bell’S Inequality ◽  
Bell's Inequality ◽  
Nonlocal Correlations ◽  
Satisfactory Account ◽  
Nonlocal Quantum ◽  
Action At A Distance

The enigmatic nonlocal quantum correlation that was famously derided by Einstein as "spooky action at a distance" has now been experimentally demonstrated to be authentic. The quantum entanglement and nonlocal correlations emerged as inevitable consequences of John Bell's epochal paper on Bell's inequality. However, in spite of some extraordinary applications as well as attempts to explain the reason for quantum nonlocality, a satisfactory account of how Nature accomplishes this astounding phenomenon is yet to emerge. A cogent mechanism for the occurrence of this incredible event is presented in terms of a plausible quantum mechanical Einstein–Rosen bridge.Quanta 2018; 7: 111–117.

scholarly journals Tripartite entanglement and quantum correlation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyu Guo ◽  
Chen-Te Ma
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Pure State ◽  
Quantum Correlation ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Bell’S Inequality ◽  
Tripartite Entanglement ◽  
Bell's Inequality ◽  
Unitary Transformations ◽  
Proper Diagnosis

Abstract We provide an analytical tripartite-study from the generalized R-matrix. It provides the upper bound of the maximum violation of Mermin’s inequality. For a generic 2-qubit pure state, the concurrence or R-matrix characterizes the maximum violation of Bell’s inequality. Therefore, people expect that the maximum violation should be proper to quantify Quantum Entanglement. The R-matrix gives the maximum violation of Bell’s inequality. For a general 3-qubit state, we have five invariant entanglement quantities up to local unitary transformations. We show that the five invariant quantities describe the correlation in the generalized R-matrix. The violation of Mermin’s inequality is not a proper diagnosis due to the non-monotonic behavior. We then classify 3-qubit quantum states. Each classification quantifies Quantum Entanglement by the total concurrence. In the end, we relate the experiment correlators to Quantum Entanglement.

scholarly journals Conceptual Problems in Bell's Inequality and Quantum Entanglement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Qiu Gu
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Bell State ◽  
Bell’S Inequality ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Bell's Inequality ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
New Interpretation

The description of the microscopic world in quantum mechanics is very different from that in classical physics, and there are some points of view that are contrary to intuition and logic. The first is the loss of reality, the behavior of micro particles shows randomness and hopping. The second is the loss of certainty, the conjugate physical variables of a system cannot be determined synchronously, they satisfy the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. The third is the non-local correlation. The measurement of one particle in the quantum entanglement pair will change the state of the other entangled particle simultaneously. In this paper, some concepts related to quantum entanglement, such as EPR correlation, quantum entanglement correlation function, Bell's inequality and so on, are analyzed in detail. Analysis shows that the mystery and confusion in quantum theory may be caused by the logical problems in its basic framework. Bell's inequality is only a mathematical theorem, but its physical meaning is actually unclear. The Bell state of quantum entangled pair may not satisfy the dynamic equation of quantum theory, so it cannot describe the true state of microscopic particles. In this paper, the correct correlation functions of spin entanglement pair and photonic entanglement pair are strictly derived according to normal logic. Quantum theory is a more fundamental theory than classical mechanics, and they are not parallel relation in logic. However, there are still some unreasonable contents in the framework of quantum theory, which need to be improved. In order to disclose the real relationship between quantum theory and classical mechanics, we propose some experiments which show the wave-particle duality simultaneously and provide intuitionistic teaching materials for the new interpretation of quantum theory.

scholarly journals Quantum correlations and Bell’s inequality violation in a Heisenberg spin dimer via neutron scattering

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 1750031 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Quantum Correlations ◽  
Quantum Nonlocality ◽  
Molecular Magnet ◽  
Bell’S Inequality ◽  
Entanglement Witness ◽  
Bell's Inequality ◽  
Heisenberg Spin ◽  
Entanglement Of Formation

The characterization of quantum information quantifiers has attracted a considerable attention of the scientific community, since they are a useful tool to verify the presence of quantum correlations in a quantum system. In this context, in the present work we show a theoretical study of some quantifiers, such as entanglement witness, entanglement of formation, Bell’s inequality violation and geometric quantum discord as a function of the diffractive properties of neutron scattering. We provide one path toward identifying the presence of quantum correlations and quantum nonlocality in a molecular magnet as a Heisenberg spin-[Formula: see text] dimer, by diffractive properties typically obtained via neutron scattering experiments.

scholarly journals Verifying Atom Entanglement Schemes by Testing Bell's Inequality

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Dimitris G. Angelakis ◽  
Almut Beigea ◽  
Peter L. Knight ◽  
William J. Munro ◽  
Ben Tregenn
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Optical Cavity ◽  
The State ◽  
Entangled States ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Bell’S Inequality ◽  
Entangled Photons ◽  
Bell's Inequality ◽  
State Preparation

Abstract Recent experiments to test B ell's inequality using entangled photons and ions aimed at tests of basic quantum mechanical principles. Interesting results have been obtained and many loopholes could be closed. In this paper we want to point out that tests of Bell's inequality also play an important role in verifying atom entanglement schemes. We describe as an example a scheme to prepare arbitrary entangled states of N two-level atoms using a leaky optical cavity and a scheme to entangle atoms inside a photonic crystal. During the state preparation no photons are emitted, and observing a violation of B ell's inequality is the only way to test whether a scheme works with a high precision or not.

“Non-locality”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Healey
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Entangled States ◽  
Entangled Quantum States ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Non Locality

Quantum entanglement is popularly believed to give rise to spooky action at a distance of a kind that Einstein decisively rejected. Indeed, important recent experiments on systems assigned entangled states have been claimed to refute Einstein by exhibiting such spooky action. After reviewing two considerations in favor of this view I argue that quantum theory can be used to explain puzzling correlations correctly predicted by assignment of entangled quantum states with no such instantaneous action at a distance. We owe both considerations in favor of the view to arguments of John Bell. I present simplified forms of these arguments as well as a game that provides insight into the situation. The argument I give in response turns on a prescriptive view of quantum states that differs both from Dirac’s (as stated in Chapter 2) and Einstein’s.

scholarly journals Quantum postulate vs. quantum nonlocality: on the role of the Planck constant in Bell’s argument

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Khrennikov
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Nonlocality ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Quantum Foundations ◽  
Planck Constant ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Fundamental Feature ◽  
Hidden Variable ◽  
Bell Model

AbstractWe present a quantum mechanical (QM) analysis of Bell’s approach to quantum foundations based on his hidden-variable model. We claim and try to justify that the Bell model contradicts to the Heinsenberg’s uncertainty and Bohr’s complementarity principles. The aim of this note is to point to the physical seed of the aforementioned principles. This is the Bohr’s quantum postulate: the existence of indivisible quantum of action given by the Planck constant h. By contradicting these basic principles of QM, Bell’s model implies rejection of this postulate as well. Thus, this hidden-variable model contradicts not only the QM-formalism, but also the fundamental feature of the quantum world discovered by Planck.

On hidden-variable theories and Bell's inequality

1972 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. de la Peña ◽  
A. M. Cetto ◽  
T. A. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Bell’S Inequality ◽  
Bell's Inequality ◽  
Hidden Variable ◽  
Hidden Variable Theories
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