scholarly journals Conceptual Problems in Bell's Inequality and Quantum Entanglement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Qiu Gu
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Bell State ◽  
Bell’S Inequality ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Bell's Inequality ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
New Interpretation

The description of the microscopic world in quantum mechanics is very different from that in classical physics, and there are some points of view that are contrary to intuition and logic. The first is the loss of reality, the behavior of micro particles shows randomness and hopping. The second is the loss of certainty, the conjugate physical variables of a system cannot be determined synchronously, they satisfy the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. The third is the non-local correlation. The measurement of one particle in the quantum entanglement pair will change the state of the other entangled particle simultaneously. In this paper, some concepts related to quantum entanglement, such as EPR correlation, quantum entanglement correlation function, Bell's inequality and so on, are analyzed in detail. Analysis shows that the mystery and confusion in quantum theory may be caused by the logical problems in its basic framework. Bell's inequality is only a mathematical theorem, but its physical meaning is actually unclear. The Bell state of quantum entangled pair may not satisfy the dynamic equation of quantum theory, so it cannot describe the true state of microscopic particles. In this paper, the correct correlation functions of spin entanglement pair and photonic entanglement pair are strictly derived according to normal logic. Quantum theory is a more fundamental theory than classical mechanics, and they are not parallel relation in logic. However, there are still some unreasonable contents in the framework of quantum theory, which need to be improved. In order to disclose the real relationship between quantum theory and classical mechanics, we propose some experiments which show the wave-particle duality simultaneously and provide intuitionistic teaching materials for the new interpretation of quantum theory.

scholarly journals The Hardy’s nonlocality argument

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 1640035
Author(s):  
Sujit K Choudhary ◽  
Pankaj Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Bell’S Theorem ◽  
Local Realism ◽  
Bell’S Inequality ◽  
Bell's Theorem ◽  
Famous Theorem ◽  
Bell's Inequality

Certain predictions of quantum theory are not compatible with the notion of local-realism. This was the content of Bell’s famous theorem of the year 1964. Bell proved this with the help of an inequality, famously known as Bell’s inequality. The alternative proofs of Bell’s theorem without using Bell’s inequality are known as “nonlocality without inequality (NLWI)” proofs. We review one such proof namely the Hardy’s proof which due to its simplicity and generality has been considered the best version of Bell’s theorem.

scholarly journals How Does Nature Accomplish Spooky Action at a Distance?

Quanta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Mani L. Bhaumik
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Quantum Correlation ◽  
Quantum Nonlocality ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Bell’S Inequality ◽  
Bell's Inequality ◽  
Nonlocal Correlations ◽  
Satisfactory Account ◽  
Nonlocal Quantum ◽  
Action At A Distance

The enigmatic nonlocal quantum correlation that was famously derided by Einstein as "spooky action at a distance" has now been experimentally demonstrated to be authentic. The quantum entanglement and nonlocal correlations emerged as inevitable consequences of John Bell's epochal paper on Bell's inequality. However, in spite of some extraordinary applications as well as attempts to explain the reason for quantum nonlocality, a satisfactory account of how Nature accomplishes this astounding phenomenon is yet to emerge. A cogent mechanism for the occurrence of this incredible event is presented in terms of a plausible quantum mechanical Einstein–Rosen bridge.Quanta 2018; 7: 111–117.

On the violation of Bell's inequality in quantum theory

1987 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Landau
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Bell’S Inequality ◽  
Bell's Inequality

scholarly journals Tripartite entanglement and quantum correlation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyu Guo ◽  
Chen-Te Ma
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Pure State ◽  
Quantum Correlation ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Bell’S Inequality ◽  
Tripartite Entanglement ◽  
Bell's Inequality ◽  
Unitary Transformations ◽  
Proper Diagnosis

Abstract We provide an analytical tripartite-study from the generalized R-matrix. It provides the upper bound of the maximum violation of Mermin’s inequality. For a generic 2-qubit pure state, the concurrence or R-matrix characterizes the maximum violation of Bell’s inequality. Therefore, people expect that the maximum violation should be proper to quantify Quantum Entanglement. The R-matrix gives the maximum violation of Bell’s inequality. For a general 3-qubit state, we have five invariant entanglement quantities up to local unitary transformations. We show that the five invariant quantities describe the correlation in the generalized R-matrix. The violation of Mermin’s inequality is not a proper diagnosis due to the non-monotonic behavior. We then classify 3-qubit quantum states. Each classification quantifies Quantum Entanglement by the total concurrence. In the end, we relate the experiment correlators to Quantum Entanglement.

“Non-locality”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Healey
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Entangled States ◽  
Entangled Quantum States ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Non Locality

Quantum entanglement is popularly believed to give rise to spooky action at a distance of a kind that Einstein decisively rejected. Indeed, important recent experiments on systems assigned entangled states have been claimed to refute Einstein by exhibiting such spooky action. After reviewing two considerations in favor of this view I argue that quantum theory can be used to explain puzzling correlations correctly predicted by assignment of entangled quantum states with no such instantaneous action at a distance. We owe both considerations in favor of the view to arguments of John Bell. I present simplified forms of these arguments as well as a game that provides insight into the situation. The argument I give in response turns on a prescriptive view of quantum states that differs both from Dirac’s (as stated in Chapter 2) and Einstein’s.

Mixed Methods Research and Quantum Theory: Q Methodology as an Exemplar for Complementarity

2021 ◽  
pp. 155868982110194
Author(s):  
Susan Ramlo
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Wave Particle Duality

In 1989, Jennifer Greene and colleagues introduced the idea of complementarity in mixed methods research (MMR) without referencing the parallels within physics. Complementarity in physics represents the idea that two contrasted theories are necessary to explain a set of phenomena, such as the wave–particle duality. Few MMR studies provide clear examples of complementarity, and some have questioned if complementarity is possible. However, the creator of Q methodology, William Stephenson, physicist and psychologist, made numerous connections between his methodology and quantum theory, including complementarity. The purpose of this article is to describe complementarity within Q methodology and physics and connect these definitions to complementarity as discussed within the MMR community.

On hidden-variable theories and Bell's inequality

1972 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. de la Peña ◽  
A. M. Cetto ◽  
T. A. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Bell’S Inequality ◽  
Bell's Inequality ◽  
Hidden Variable ◽  
Hidden Variable Theories

scholarly journals Non-local setting and outcome information for violation of Bell's inequality

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 083051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Pawłowski ◽  
Johannes Kofler ◽  
Tomasz Paterek ◽  
Michael Seevinck ◽  
Časlav Brukner
Keyword(s):  
Bell’S Inequality ◽  
Bell's Inequality ◽  
Local Setting ◽  
Outcome Information ◽  
Non Local
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