Spring poisoning hazards

UK-Vet Equine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Nicola Bates
Keyword(s):  
Supportive Care ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Quality Food ◽  
Plant Poisoning ◽  
Adder Bite

Poisoning can be seasonal. Potential toxic hazards in the spring include adders, which emerge from hibernation as the weather warms. Adders may not be seen to bite a horse, but envenomation should be considered in a horse with localised limb swelling that spreads up the leg. There are several spring-flowering plants which contain toxic compounds such as cardiogenic glycosides (foxglove, lily of the valley, oleander), protoanemonin (Hellebore) and grayanotoxins (Pieris and Rhododendron). Saplings of sycamore are a spring source of hypoglycin A which causes atypical myopathy in horses. Treating plant poisoning in horses generally involves removing the plant, providing good quality food and giving supportive care. Managing the effects of adder bite is supportive, centring around administration of specific antivenom.

Molecular phylogenetics provides new insights into the systematics of Pimelea and Thecanthes (Thymelaeaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. P. Foster ◽  
David J. Cantrill ◽  
Elizabeth A. James ◽  
Anna E. Syme ◽  
Rebecca Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Plastid Markers

Pimelea Banks & Sol. ex Gaertn. is a genus of flowering plants comprising an estimated 90 species in Australia and ~35 species in New Zealand. The genus is economically important, with the inflorescences of some species having floricultural applications, and the presence of toxic compounds in several species proving poisonous to livestock. Pimelea grows in a variety of habitats ranging from arid to alpine, suggesting a complicated biogeographic history. The relationships within Pimelea remain largely uncertain, despite previous attempts at clarification using molecular phylogenetics. However, it is clear that Pimelea is closely related to Thecanthes Wikstr., with the two genera comprising the subtribe Pimeleinae. We used Bayesian and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analyses of four plastid markers (matK, rbcL, rps16, trnL–F) and one nuclear ribosomal marker (ITS) to examine the evolutionary relationships within Pimeleinae. We found strong support for the monophyly of Pimeleinae but, similar to previous studies, Pimelea was paraphyletic with respect to Thecanthes. Our results also indicated that P. longiflora R.Br. subsp. longiflora and P. longiflora subsp. eyrei (F.Muell.) Rye are best considered as distinct species. Therefore, we reduce Thecanthes to synonymy with Pimelea, making the necessary new combination Pimelea filifolia (Rye) C.S.P.Foster et M.J.Henwood (previously Thecanthes filifolia Rye), and also reinstate Pimelea eyrei F.Muell.

Poisonous plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 1828-1832
Author(s):  
Michael Eddleston ◽  
Hans Persson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Poisonous Plants ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Plant Poisoning

Many plants contain toxic substances—heterogeneous in chemical composition and diverse in toxic effects. When classifying plant poisonings, a pragmatic approach is to look at the main clinical effects, but it should be emphasized that few plant toxins produce just one type of symptom and that symptomatology is often multiple, with some features predominating. Ingestion of, or contact with, poisonous plants is common but serious plant poisoning is rare worldwide because most plant exposures are accidental: the majority occur in small children, the ingested dose is usually small, and no treatment is required. Treatment of severe plant poisoning includes careful decontamination and symptomatic and supportive care. Specific antidotes are only available for poisoning by plants containing belladonna alkaloids (physostigmine), cardiac glycosides (digoxin-specific Fab fragments), and cyanogenic agents (dicobalt edetate, hydroxocobalamin).

Neurological deficits after confirmed adder bite in a cat

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e000635
Author(s):  
Rebecca Robinson ◽  
Nicola Bates ◽  
Fiona Bolton ◽  
Nicola Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Supportive Care ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Radiographic Evidence ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
Adder Bite

A domestic shorthair cat presenting with pyrexia and tachycardia was given an antibiotic for suspected infection but returned 48 hours later with inability to defecate or urinate and with tail paralysis. There was swelling and bruising at the tail base but no radiographic evidence of a tail pull injury. Laboratory parameters and urinary and faecal cultures were normal. Five days later the owner reported an adder in the garden, and due to no response to supportive care, antivenom was given. Within two hours clinical signs improved, and by 12 hours the tachycardia and pyrexia had resolved. Laboratory analysis confirmed the presence of adder venom in a blood sample. Urination and defecation were normal at five months with regained function in the cranial third of the tail. It is thought clinical signs were due to direct venom-induced necrosis of nerve tissue rather than venom neurotoxins.

scholarly journals Herbaspirillum seropedicae as a degrading bacterium of monofluoroacetate: effects of its inoculation in goats by ingesting Amorimia septentrionalis and the concentrations of this compound in plants sprayed with the bacterium

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 802-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle A.N. Pessoa ◽  
José Radmacyo G. Lopes ◽  
Emanuel M. Souza ◽  
Édipo M. Campos ◽  
Rosane Maria T. Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Herbaspirillum Seropedicae ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Plant Poisoning ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT: Herbaspirillum seropedicae is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium capable of using toxic compounds as a source of carbon. Bacteria with this capacity can be used to make animals resistant to plant poisoning containing monofluoroacetate (MFA), such as Amorimia septentrionalis. The aim of this study was to evaluate if H. seropedicae is efficient in the degradation of MFA present in A. septentrionalis and if the inoculation of this bacterium in goats confers protection to A. septentrionalis intoxication. Two experiments were performed: in the first experiment 12 goats were divided into 2 groups. Goats in Group 1 were orally administered a solution containing the H. seropedicae bacterium for 10 days. From day 10 onwards, they received a daily dose of 5g/kg of A. septentrionalis with the bacteriauntil clinical signs of intoxication were observed. Group 2 goats received only the plant at the same dose, also until the observation of clinical signs of intoxication. The amount of MFA found in A. septentrionalis used in the experiment with goats was 1.6±0.058μg/mg. The total plant dose ingested by all goats in Group 1 was 80.83±12.81g/kg (129.33±20.50mg/kg MFA), which were significantly greater (p<0.05) than those of Group 2 goats (39.16±19.08g/kg plant and 62.66±30.53mg/kg MFA). Group 1 goats took an average of 16.16±2.56 days to develop clinical signs of intoxication, significantly longer (p=0.0012) than Group 2 goats (7.83±3.81 days). Two Group 2 goats died on the same day that they developed clinical signs of intoxication. At necropsy of these two animals, no significant changes were observed. In the second experiment, samples of A. septentrionalis were sprayed with a solution containing H. seropedicae. Before and eight days after spraying, the samples were pressed and dried for quantitation of MFA. The amount of MFA present in samples of A. septentrionalis 8 days after spraying with H. seropedicae was significantly lower (p=0.017) than that found prior to spraying. It can be concluded that administration of H. seropedicae in goats is capable of causing greater resistance to A. septentrionalis intoxication, and spraying the plant with this bacterium significantly reduces the amount of MFA in the plant.

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula J. Rudall
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Plants

Cholangiokarzinome

Praxis ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (34) ◽  
pp. 1352-1356
Author(s):  
Harder ◽  
Blum
Keyword(s):  
Supportive Care ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Best Supportive Care ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Systemische Chemotherapie ◽  
Chirurgische Resektion ◽  
Multimodale Therapiekonzepte ◽  
Based Medicine

Cholangiokarzinome oder cholangiozelluläre Karzinome (CCC) sind seltene Tumoren des biliären Systems mit einer Inzidenz von 2–4/100000 pro Jahr. Zu ihnen zählen die perihilären Gallengangskarzinome (Klatskin-Tumore), mit ca. 60% das häufigste CCC, die peripheren (intrahepatischen) Cholangiokarzinome, das Gallenblasenkarzinom, die Karzinome der extrahepatischen Gallengänge und das periampulläre Karzinom. Zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose ist nur bei etwa 20% eine chirurgische Resektion als einzige kurative Therapieoption möglich. Die Lebertransplantation ist wegen der hohen Rezidivrate derzeit nicht indiziert. Die Prognose von nicht resektablen Cholangiokarzinomen ist mit einer mittleren Überlebenszeit von sechs bis acht Monaten schlecht. Eine wirksame Therapie zur Verlängerung der Überlebenszeit existiert aktuell nicht. Die wichtigste Massnahme im Rahmen der «best supportive care» ist die Beseitigung der Cholestase (endoskopisch, perkutan oder chirurgisch), um einer Cholangitis oder Cholangiosepsis vorzubeugen. Durch eine systemische Chemotherapie lassen sich Ansprechraten von ca. 20% erreichen. 5-FU und Gemcitabine sind die derzeit am häufigsten eingesetzten Substanzen, die mit einer perkutanen oder endoluminalen Bestrahlung kombiniert werden können. Multimodale Therapiekonzepte können im Einzellfall erfolgreich sein, müssen jedoch erst in Evidence-Based-Medicine-gerechten Studien evaluiert werden, bevor Therapieempfehlungen für die Praxis formuliert werden können.

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