A Study on Perception of Medical-Staff about Airborne Infection Risk in Emergency District

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Staff ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Airborne Infection

scholarly journals Simulation-Based Study on the COVID-19 Airborne Transmission in a Restaurant

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Liu ◽  
Sida He ◽  
Lian Shen ◽  
Jiarong Hong
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Exposure Index ◽  
Reverse Time ◽  
Aerosol Transport ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Airborne Infection ◽  
Aerosol Exposure

COVID-19 has shown a high potential of transmission via virus-carrying aerosols as supported by growing evidence. However, detailed investigations that draw direct links between aerosol transport and virus infection are still lacking. To fill in the gap, we conducted a systematic computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based investigation of indoor air flow and the associated aerosol transport in a restaurant setting, where likely cases of airborne infection of COVID-19 caused by asymptomatic individuals were widely reported by the media. We employed an advanced in-house large eddy simulation (LES) solver and other cutting-edge numerical methods to resolve complex indoor processes simultaneously, including turbulence, flow–aerosol interplay, thermal effect, and the filtration effect by air conditioners. Using the aerosol exposure index derived from the simulation, we are able to provide a spatial map of the airborne infection risk under different settings. Our results have shown a remarkable direct linkage between regions of high aerosol exposure index and the reported infection patterns in the restaurant, providing strong support to the airborne transmission occurring in this widely-reported incidence. Using flow structure analysis and reverse-time tracing of aerosol trajectories, we are able to further pinpoint the influence of environmental parameters on the infection risks and highlight the needs for more effective preventive measures, e.g., placement of shielding according to the local flow patterns. Our research, thus, has demonstrated the capability and value of high-fidelity CFD tools for airborne infection risk assessment and the development of effective preventive measures.

Airborne infection risk during open-air cardiopulmonary resuscitation

2021 ◽  
pp. emermed-2021-211209
Author(s):  
Talib Dbouk ◽  
Silvia Aranda-García ◽  
Roberto Barcala-Furelos ◽  
Antonio Rodríguez-Núñez ◽  
Dimitris Drikakis
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Airborne Infection ◽  
Air Index

AimCardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure where interpersonal distance cannot be maintained. There are and will always be outbreaks of infection from airborne diseases. Our objective was to assess the potential risk of airborne virus transmission during CPR in open-air conditions.MethodsWe performed advanced high-fidelity three-dimensional modelling and simulations to predict airborne transmission during out-of-hospital hands-only CPR. The computational model considers complex fluid dynamics and heat transfer phenomena such as aerosol evaporation, breakup, coalescence, turbulence, and local interactions between the aerosol and the surrounding fluid. Furthermore, we incorporated the effects of the wind speed/direction, the air temperature and relative humidity on the transport of contaminated saliva particles emitted from a victim during a resuscitation process based on an Airborne Infection Risk (AIR) Index.ResultsThe results reveal low-risk conditions that include wind direction and high relative humidity and temperature. High-risk situations include wind directed to the rescuer, low humidity and temperature. Combinations of other conditions have an intermediate AIR Index and risk for the rescue team.ConclusionsThe fluid dynamics, simulation-based AIR Index provides a classification of the risk of contagion by victim’s aerosol in the case of hands-only CPR considering environmental factors such as wind speed and direction, relative humidity and temperature. Therefore, we recommend that rescuers perform a quick assessment of their airborne infectious risk before starting CPR in the open air and positioning themselves to avoid wind directed to their faces.

scholarly journals Assessment of displacement ventilation systems in airborne infection risk in hospital rooms

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e0211390 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Villafruela ◽  
Inés Olmedo ◽  
Félix A. Berlanga ◽  
Manuel Ruiz de Adana
Keyword(s):  
Infection Risk ◽  
Displacement Ventilation ◽  
Airborne Infection ◽  
Ventilation Systems

scholarly journals Survey of air exchange rates and evaluation of airborne infection risk of COVID-19 on commuter trains

2021 ◽  
pp. 106774
Author(s):  
Naohide Shinohara ◽  
Jun Sakaguchi ◽  
Hoon Kim ◽  
Naoki Kagi ◽  
Koichi Tatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Airborne Infection ◽  
Air Exchange
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