Theo-Economics in Antiquity
This chapter discusses some of the contexts in which the gods and humans transacted in antiquity. To create an explanatory model, it introduces these contexts through objects: inscriptions, documents, coins, and other material evidence. The chapter first describes some theo-economic contexts that cultic sites provide, including banking, storage, and land management. From job contracts for religious professionals to imperially mediated disputes over sacred property, gods and humans regularly interacted with one another through the financial systems of temples. The chapter then considers examples of non-temple-related transactions. These material comparanda lay the groundwork for the analysis of Philippians throughout the rest of the book. While it would take a book-length project to fully describe the variety of theo-economic possibilities in antiquity, the chapter demonstrates the ubiquity of divine–human transactions and offers a preliminary map of the multiple ways in which theology and economy overlapped.