Property Rights and Land Use Change: Implications for Sustainable Resource Management in Borana, Southern Ethiopia

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Kamara ◽  
Michael Kirk ◽  
Brent Swallow
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sustainable Resource Management

scholarly journals Arctic meltdown: A problematic property rights structure translates into poor resource management

SURG Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Olivia Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Tragedy Of The Commons ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Natural Resource Extraction ◽  
The Commons

As access to the Arctic region continues to grow, many land-use issues have become increasingly prominent. The exposure of shorter shipping routes, unresolved maritime boundaries between the bordering states, and most importantly, the plethora of renewable and non-renewable resources in the region have created a strain on international relations between the states bordering the Arctic. Rising global temperatures have created the promise and opportunity of better access to natural resources in the coming years, raising the likelihood of potentially substantial economic gains to the bordering states. However, the current property rights structure in the Arctic, as governed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), dictates that the jurisdiction of each coastal nation state shall not exceed past 200 nautical miles beyond the coastline of each respective state. The goal of this report is to provide an assessment of the basic property rights that govern the Arctic territory in an attempt to illuminate how current and future inefficiencies in natural resource extraction and management can result from a poor property rights structure. The current property rights structure has led to a departure from an efficient allocation of rights and as a result currently operates under an anticommons scenario, while also setting the stage for a tragedy of the commons in the not so distant future. To move away from these sub-optimal outcomes and toward more efficient resource management, open communication, cooperation, and better defined property rights are important components needed to strengthen resource management among Arctic states. Keywords: Arctic land-use and property rights (assessment of); natural resource extraction and management (inefficiencies in); anticommons scenario; tragedy of the commons; Arctic Council; UNCLOS

scholarly journals Impacts of Climate and Land-Use Change on Blue and Green Water: A Case Study of the Upper Ganjiang River Basin, China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2661
Author(s):  
Yongfen Zhang ◽  
Chongjun Tang ◽  
Aizhong Ye ◽  
Taihui Zheng ◽  
Xiaofei Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Precipitation Changes ◽  
Ganjiang River Basin

Quantitatively figuring out the effects of climate and land-use change on water resources and their components is essential for water resource management. This study investigates the effects of climate and land-use change on blue and green water and their components in the upper Ganjiang River basin from the 1980s to the 2010s by comparing the simulated changes in blue and green water resources by using a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model forced by five climate and land-use scenarios. The results suggest that the blue water flow (BWF) decreased by 86.03 mm year−1, while green water flow (GWF) and green water storage (GWS) increased by 8.61 mm year−1 and 12.51 mm year−1, respectively. The spatial distribution of blue and green water was impacted by climate, wind direction, topography, and elevation. Climate change was the main factor affecting blue and green water resources in the basin; land-use change had strong effects only locally. Precipitation changes significantly amplified the BWF changes. The proportion of surface runoff in BWF was positively correlated with precipitation changes; lateral flow showed the opposite tendency. Higher temperatures resulted in increased GWF and decreased BWF, both of which were most sensitive to temperature increases up to 1 °C. All agricultural land and forestland conversion scenarios resulted in decreased BWF and increased GWF in the watershed. GWS was less affected by climate and land-use change than GWF and BWF, and the trends in GWS were not significant. The study provides a reference for blue and green water resource management in humid areas.

Natural Resource Conflict Analysis among Pastoralists in Southern Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fekadu Beyene
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Cultural Ecological

This paper examines resource-related conflict among pastoralists in southern Ethiopia, specifically the Somali and Oromo ethnic groups. It applies theories of property rights, environmental security and political ecology to discuss the complexity of the conflict, using narrative analysis and conflict mapping. Results reveal that the conflict results from interrelated cultural, ecological and political factors. The systems of governance, including the setting up of regions on an ethnic basis and associated competition for land and control of water-points, have contributed to violent conflict between the two ethnic groups. The creation of new administrative units (kebeles) close to regional boundaries has exacerbated the conflict. Moreover, change in land use, prompted by insecure property rights to communal land, rather than expected increase in economic benefits has caused conflicts among the clans of the Oromo. The findings suggest Ethiopian authorities support the functioning of traditional access options, successful operation of customary courts and penalising opportunistic actors to address inter-ethnic conflicts. Applying land use and administration guidelines and empowering customary authorities would reduce the incidence of inter-clan conflict.

scholarly journals Dirty habits - a basis for developing sustainable productivity

1999 ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
A.P. Rhodes ◽  
A.D. Mackay ◽  
M.G. Lambert ◽  
M.K. Krausse ◽  
B.H. Willis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Sustainable Resource Management ◽  
Strong Conclusion ◽  
The Impact

Farmers have a far reaching impact in influencing the progress that is made in the sustainable management of New Zealand's natural resources. While some advocates are ready and willing to prescribe apparently "more appropriate" behaviour, the contribution to sustainability can be questioned. There is considerable evidence that there is a complex interaction between farmers' knowledge, attitude and behaviour, and economic, personal and community influences that shape the nature and extent of their individual response to the challenge of sustainable resource management. This paper will draw on the experience of working with farmers and community members in the Southern North Island to develop an approach to allow land users to better understand the soil and water resources of the farm. By using this knowledge, and their awareness of issues and values, farmers and community members were better able to consider options, evaluate alternatives, and balance the integration of sustainable resource management, economic, personal and social goals. A strong conclusion of the project was that farmers must have a comprehensive understanding of the soils and land resource of their farm. A feature of the project was the development of the concept of Land Management Units (LMUs) that are aggregations of soil or topographic units with closely related properties that form a practical farm management unit. LMUs provide the basis for evaluating the impact of current policies and management practice, generating ideas, evaluating risk, and developing options that are potentially more sustainable. The process of adopting LMUs is presented and discussed as the basis from which to evaluate the sustainability of land use practices. Keywords: environment, extension, farm management, land management units, land use, soil, survey, sustainability

scholarly journals Property Rights and Sustainable Natural Resource Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Lal Poudel ◽  
Thomas G. Johnson ◽  
Rachna Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Sustainable Resource Management ◽  
Resource Degradation ◽  
Sustainable Natural Resource Management ◽  
Efficiency Property ◽  
Management Institutions ◽  
Control Resource

<p class="emsd"><span lang="EN-GB">This paper reviews recent research articles in the field of property rights and natural resources management, with the goal of identifying the most effective policy measures to achieve sustainable resource management through well designed property rights. Scarcity of economic resources is a major cause of conflict in human society. Institutions impact the resilience of the environment, and the institutions which guide humans as they employ resources from the environment are therefore essential to sustainable resource management. Institutions which create and enforce property rights can control resource degradation and improve both economic and ecological efficiency. Property rights which lead to an equitable allocation of natural resources and delegation of management authority among stakeholders is the most likely pathway to sustainable ecosystem management. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the best system of property rights to achieve sustainability. The ‘best system’ is contextual and spatiotemporal dynamic. </span></p>

scholarly journals Simulation of land use impacts on sediment and nutrient transfer in coastal areas of Western Cape, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micha Gebel ◽  
Stephan Bürger ◽  
Michael Wallace ◽  
Hanlie Malherbe ◽  
Hannah Vogt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Sediment Phosphorus

AbstractA major challenge for water resource management in Western Cape, South Africa, is the reduction of the growing sediment and nutrient loads in coastal areas, which belong to the areas most affected by land use change. We used the WebGIS based software STOFFBILANZ to simulate runoff, soil loss, sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen input in the surface water and groundwater of study area (ca. 6,450 km²). The simulated runoff shows a large regional variability caused by the heterogeneous distribution of rainfall. For the reference catchment Klein River simulated total daily runoff fit the observed values of the reference year 2012. The calculation of potential input of sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen into waters is based on aggregated or generalized information on climate data, land use types, crop and fruit types, yields, mineral fertilizers, farm manure, nitrogen fixing by leguminous plants, atmospheric nitrogen deposition, and soil denitrification. Critical source areas for potential sediment input, particulate P input and diffuse N input are mainly agricultural areas. Additionally, point sources of high relevance for N and P are found in urban areas. Based on the potential input of sediment and nutrients the impacts of current land use change on water resources were estimated. We used the web-based information system WebLand for the simulation aiming at the provision of stakeholders with information for decision making in water resource management.

Variations in Baseflow Recession Curves as a Function of Land-Use Change in the Keduang Watershed, Wonogiri Regency, Jawa Tengah Province, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Bokiraiya Latuamury ◽  
Moda Talaohu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Recession Curves ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Land-use change and its effects on hydrological processes in a watershed strongly determine the adopted land and water resource management. Human activities that lead to the conversion of forest to non-forest land can continue to modify hydrological systems. This study was intended to analyze the variation in baseflow recession curves as a function of land-use change in the Keduang Watershed, Wonogiri Regency, Jawa Tengah Province. The results showed that the types of land-use conversions had the same model of recession: Qmodel= 0.9747*Exp(-0.2357*ts) for preserved forests, Qmodel= 0.1266*Exp(-0.1238*ts), to represent the conversion of forests to agricultural areas, Qmodel= 0.1108*Exp(-0.1008*ts) for forests to settlements, Qmodel= 0.7628*Exp(-0.2015*ts) for unchanged agricultural areas, Qmodel= 0.0465*Exp(-0.1141*ts) for the conversion of agricultural areas back to forests, Qmodel= 0.1072*Exp(-0.0952*ts) for agricultural areas to settlements, and Qmodel= 0.3359*Exp(-0.1542*ts) for settlements. Overall, the equations indicate that forests can store water better and longer than converted to agricultural fields and settlements.

Assessment of land-use change in coastal areas through geographical information systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Lango-Reynoso ◽  
Karla Teresa González-Figueroa ◽  
Fabiola Lango-Reynoso ◽  
María del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez ◽  
Jesús Montoya-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Computer Based

Objective: This article describes and analyzes the main concepts of coastal ecosystems, these as a result of research concerning land-use change assessments in coastal areas. Design/Methodology/Approach: Scientific articles were searched using keywords in English and Spanish. Articles regarding land-use change assessment in coastal areas were selected, discarding those that although being on coastal zones and geographic and soil identification did not use Geographic Information System (GIS). Results: A GIS is a computer-based tool for evaluating the land-use change in coastal areas by quantifying variations. It is analyzed through GIS and its contributions; highlighting its importance and constant monitoring. Limitations of the study/Implications: This research analyzes national and international scientific information, published from 2007 to 2019, regarding the land-use change in coastal areas quantified with the digital GIS tool. Findings/Conclusions: GIS are useful tools in the identification and quantitative evaluation of changes in land-use in coastal ecosystems; which require constant evaluation due to their high dynamism.

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