A Field-Scale Surface Aeration System to Reduce Odor Generation

Aeration has been used successfully in northern Canada and other cold regions for treating domestic and industrial waste waters by aerated lagoons, extended aeration package units and conventional activated sludge plants. Many of these installations used diffused aeration because this system has shown several advantages over mechanical surface aeration. The advantages of using diffused aeration in cold regions for oxygenation as well as for mixing are discussed in this paper.The parameters affecting the efficiency of oxygen transfer and the mixing of the tank contents are identified and the influence of varying these operating parameters on the performance of diffused aeration systems under cold climatic conditions is discussed. Equations showing the influence of temperature, airflow rates, submergence and tank geometry on the overall oxygen transfer coefficient are presented.A process of aeration, employing counter-current flow of air bubbles and waste water, is shown to result in increased contact time and therefore higher oxygenation efficiencies. A typical example for designing a diffused aeration system in cold regions has been worked out.

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Method for Analyzing Field Scale Surface Irrigation Uniformity

Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering ◽

10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1988)114:1(74) ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 114 (1) ◽

pp. 74-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Albert J. Clemmens

Keyword(s):

Surface Irrigation ◽

Field Scale ◽

Irrigation Uniformity ◽

Scale Surface

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A SURFACE AERATION SYSTEM TO CONTROL MANURE ODOR FROM OPEN STORAGE FACILITIES

10.13031/2013.15244 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Z. Zhang and J. Zhu

Keyword(s):

Surface Aeration ◽

Open Storage ◽

Aeration System ◽

Storage Facilities

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Field-Development Optimization of the In-Situ Upgrading Process Including the Ramp-Up Phase

SPE Journal ◽

10.2118/205395-pa ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Faruk O. Alpak ◽

Guohua Gao

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Objective Function ◽

Oil Recovery ◽

Optimization Algorithm ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Performance Indicator ◽

Field Scale ◽

Field Development ◽

Scale Surface

Summary Field-development optimization and optimization at the pattern scale are crucial to maximize the value of thermal enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) projects. Application of a field net-present-value (NPV)-based pattern optimization algorithm honoring field-scale surface and subsurface constraints for in-situ-upgrading (IUP) projects has been described in the recent past. In this paper, we describe the development and application of a novel field-development-optimization capability, including the optimization of the ramp-up phase to accelerate the production to achieve a faster cash flow and high surface-facility utilization. We integrate this new capability into a robust field NPV optimization platform. A two-stagefield-development optimization algorithm is developed in this work. First, the steady-state pattern is optimized using the field-scale pattern optimization algorithm while honoring field-scale constraints and using a combined surface and subsurface performance-indicator-driven objective function. Ramp-up pattern designs are optimized separately using a solely pattern-scaleperformance-driven objective function in this stage. A preliminary pattern-delay time optimization follows next to precondition the problem for the subsequent field-scale optimization stage. The ramp-up pattern and pattern-delay times are optimized using a constant steady-state pattern in the second step of the algorithm. An appropriately penalized field-NPV-based objective function is used in this step to enforce field-scale surface and subsurface constraints. Optimization results on a realistic example application indicate that the time to oil-rate plateau could be significantly reduced on the order of multiple years while honoring the surface production constraints. This requires the use of an optimized ramp-up pattern in conjunction with the optimal steady-state pattern. The ramp-up pattern is approximately two patterns wide and features an increased heater density to deliver production acceleration. It is also notably more robust against the effects of subsurface uncertainties.

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