Mechanism of Organic Odor Generation from Thermophilically Digested Biosolids

In anticipation to generate more stabilized biosolids, thermophilic anaerobic digestion systems are widely used to destroy greater sludge organics thus making them less odorous. In this study, single-stage thermophilic (at 55 ℃) and mesophilic (at 37 ℃) anaerobic digesters were studied to compare organic removal efficiencies and sulfur-based odor generation from their biosolids. Although the thermophilic system removed about 9% more volatile solids than the mesophilic system, about 55 times more odorous organic sulfur compounds were measured from dewatered thermophilic biosolids. Different methanogenic species were found to be responsible for malodorous dewatered biosolids from the thermophilic anaerobic digester.

Optimization of Modulation Methods for Solenoid Valves to Realize an Odor Generation System

An artificial olfactory system coupled with an odor generation system is herein reported. The artificial olfactory system is composed of four chemical sensors consisting of quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) coated with room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). The sensors are interrogated by four vector network analyzers, which are used to measure the series resonant frequency and motional resistance. The odor generation system can generate eight different odors and mix them in any composition. Solenoid valves are used to switch the path and control the concentration of the different odors before blending. Two algorithms to control the solenoid valves, delta-sigma modulator, and simple pulse width modulation (PWM) are studied, optimized, and compared. Finally, the uncertainty of the odor generating system is calculated.

Analisis Pengolahan Sampah Berbasis Zero Waste sebagai Salah Satu Upaya Universitas Semarang (USM) mewujudkan Eco-Campus

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>For Semarang Universitymore known and known by many circles, then Semarang University requires a branding. With the Eco-campus program, it will open the opportunity to create a prototype branding so that Semarang University can be superior and well known to the public both inside and outside the country. The eco-campus program is motivated by the hope that the campus environment becomes a comfortable, clean, shady (green), beautiful and healthy place for students to gain knowledge. The purpose of this research is to know Waste Management Pattern at Semarang University, Waste Processing Process with Zero Waste Concept that will be applied to manage Organic and Inorganic waste generated from activity at Semarang University and apply One of Eco-Campus Program indicators to print educator staff, college staff and students with an eco-friendly science and technology in accordance with Semarang University vision and mission. The research was conducted in Semarang University environment, both in faculty environment and in Temporary Garbage Disposal Site. Existing Condition of Garbage Disposal Site. While at Semarang University there is no sorting process and no roof, so if rain, rain water into container and garbage become wet, can cause odor. Generation of waste generated Semarang University.</em><span style="vertical-align: super;"> </span></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Agar USM lebih di kenal dan diketahui oleh banyak kalangan, maka USM membutuhkan sebuah <em>branding</em>. Dengan adanya program <em>Eco-campus</em> ini, akan membuka kesempatan untuk membuat <em>branding</em> prototipe agar USM mampu lebih unggul dan dikenal nasyarakat baik di dalam maupun di luar negeri. Program <em>e</em><em>co-campus</em> dilatarbelakangi harapan agar lingkungan kampus menjadi tempat yang nyaman, bersih, teduh (hijau), indah dan sehatbagi mahasiswa untuk menimba ilmu pengetahuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pola Pengelolaan Sampah di Universitas Semarang (USM), proses Pengolahan Sampah dengan Konsep <em>Zero Waste</em> yang akan diterapkan untuk mengelola sampah Organik dan Anorganik yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan di Universitas Semarang (USM) serta mengaplikasikan Salah satu indikator Program <em>Eco-campus</em> untuk mencetak staf pendidik, staf perguruan tinggi dan mahasiswa-mahasiswa yang mempunyai IPTEK berwawasan lingkungan sesuai dengan visi dan misi USM. Penelitian dilakukan di Lingkungan Universitas Semarang, baik di lingkungan fakultas maupun di Tempat Pembuangan Sampah Sementara (TPS). Kondisi eksisting Tempat Pembuangan Sampah (TPS) Sementara di Universitas Semarang (USM) belum ada proses pemilahan dan tidak ada atapnya, sehingga apabila hujan, air hujan masuk ke dalam container dan sampah-sampah menjadi basah, bisa menimbulkan bau tak sedap.Timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan kampus Universitas Semarang (USM)dalam satu minggu adalah 2.310 kg, sehingga didapatkan jumlah timbulan sampah dalam satu hari adalah 330 kg/hari. Komposisi timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan kampus Universitas Semarang terdiri dari sampah organik (65,24%), sampah kertas (10,56%), sampah plastik (23,77%) dan sampah lainnya sebanyak (0,43%).</p>