New Diversity Measures Based on the Coverage and Similarity of the Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Morales Hernández ◽  
María Matilde García Lorenzo ◽  
Yailen Martínez-Jiménez ◽  
Leidys Cabrera Hernández ◽  
Gladys María Casas Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Measures

Multiple diversity measures to identify complementary conservation areas for the Baja California peninsular cacti

2010 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 1510-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Prado ◽  
Julie A. Hawkins ◽  
Chris Yesson ◽  
Rolando T. Bárcenas
Keyword(s):  
Baja California ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Diversity Measures

scholarly journals Unraveling the association between socioeconomic diversity and consumer price index in a tourism country

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Leng ◽  
Nakash Ali Babwany ◽  
Alex Pentland
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
Diversity Measures ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractDiversity has tremendous value in modern society. Economic theories suggest that cultural and ethnic diversity may contribute to economic development and prosperity. To date, however, the correspondence between diversity measures and the economic indicators, such as the Consumer Price Index, has not been quantified. This is primarily due to the difficulty in obtaining data on the micro behaviors and macroeconomic indicators. In this paper, we explore the relationship between diversity measures extracted from large-scale and high-resolution mobile phone data, and the CPIs in different sectors in a tourism country. Interestingly, we show that diversity measures associate strongly with the general and sectoral CPIs, using phone records in Andorra. Based on these strong predictive relationships, we construct daily, and spatial maps to monitor CPI measures at a high resolution to complement existing CPI measures from the statistical office. The case study on Andorra used in this study contributes to two growing literature: linking diversity with economic outcomes, and macro-economic monitoring with large-scale data. Future study is required to examine the relationship between the two measures in other countries.

Population Diversity of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm on Solving Single and Multi-Objective Problems

2020 ◽  
pp. 312-344
Author(s):  
Shi Cheng ◽  
Yuhui Shi ◽  
Quande Qin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Diversity Measures ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Swarm Intelligence Algorithm

Premature convergence occurs in swarm intelligence algorithms searching for optima. A swarm intelligence algorithm has two kinds of abilities: the exploration of new possibilities and the exploitation of old certainties. The exploration ability means that an algorithm can explore more search places to increase the possibility that the algorithm can find good enough solutions. In contrast, the exploitation ability means that an algorithm focuses on the refinement of found promising areas. An algorithm should have a balance between exploration and exploitation, that is, the allocation of computational resources should be optimized to ensure that an algorithm can find good enough solutions effectively. The diversity measures the distribution of individuals' information. From the observation of the distribution and diversity change, the degree of exploration and exploitation can be obtained.

scholarly journals Stool Microbiota in Infants Receiving Extensively Hydrolyzed Formula, Amino Acid Formula, or Human Milk Through Two Months of Age (FS04-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Car Reen Kok ◽  
Bradford Brabec ◽  
Maciej Chichlowski ◽  
Cheryl Harris ◽  
Nancy Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Diversity Measures ◽  
Mother’S Own Milk ◽  
Stool Microbiota

Abstract Objectives Infant feeding practices play a central role in development of gut microbiome and community structure. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that diets with intact or extensively hydrolyzed proteins or free amino acids may differentially affect the intestinal microbiota composition and immune reactivity. Methods This multicenter, double-blind, controlled, parallel-group, pilot study compared stool microbiota outcomes from Baseline (1-7 days of age) up to 60 days of age in healthy term infants. Infants received mother's own milk (assigned to human milk [HM] reference group) (n = 25) or were randomized to receive one of two infant formulas: amino-acid based (AAF; n = 25) or extensively hydrolyzed cow's milk protein (EHF; n = 28). Neither study formula included added Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. DNA was extracted (Baseline, Day 30, Day 60), 16S rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced (Illumina MiSeq), and exact amplicon sequence variants (ASV) were assigned using the DADA2 model. Alpha (Shannon, Simpson, Chao1) and beta diversity (Bray Curtis distance) and differential abundance in taxa were analyzed. Relative ASV enrichment (Baseline vs Day 60) was visualized using heat maps and taxa abundance was analyzed by DESEq2 in R (ver 3.4.3). Results Complete stool data (all study time points) were available for 49 participants. Baseline alpha diversity measures were similar among groups. The HM group remained stable throughout the study. However, alpha diversity measures by Day 60 were significantly higher for AAF and EHF groups compared to HM. Significant group differences in beta diversity at Day 60 were detected (P < 0.001); AAF and EHF clustered more closely compared to the HM group. Relative Bifidobacterium abundance increased over time and was significantly enriched at Day 60 in the HM group (Figure, A). At Day 60, a significant increase in members of Firmicutes was detected for AAF and EHF groups; a decrease in Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia) was observed for EHF (Figure, B). Conclusions Distinct patterns of early neonatal microbiome establishment were demonstrated for infants receiving mother's own milk compared to amino acid-based or extensively hydrolyzed protein infant formulas. Providing different sources of dietary protein early in life may impact gut microbiome development. Funding Sources Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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