scholarly journals Conservation status of large mammals in protected and logged forests of the greater Taman Negara Landscape, Peninsular Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopalasamy Reuben Clements ◽  
SUSANA ROSTRO-GARCÍA ◽  
JAN F. KAMLER ◽  
SONG HORNG LIANG ◽  
ABDUL KADIR BIN ABU HASHIM
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Cuon Alpinus ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Manis Javanica ◽  
Tiger Conservation

Abstract. Clements GR, Rostro-García S, Kamler JF, Liang SH, Hashim AKBA. 2021. Conservation status of large mammals in protected and logged forests of the greater Taman Negara Landscape, Peninsular Malaysia. Biodiversitas 22: 272-277. Peninsular Malaysia contains a large community of IUCN Threatened mammal species, although recent records in some protected areas is unknown. The greater Taman Negara Landscape is one of the national priority areas for tiger conservation, but the recent occurrence of large mammals in the landscape has not been sufficiently updated. Here, we conducted systematic camera-trap surveys in protected and logged forests of the Taman Negara Landscape: Merapoh in Taman Negara National Park (TNM), and the Dungun Timber Complex (DTC), respectively. We found that the diversity of large mammals in TNM appeared to be the same between 2000 and 2016. The detection frequencies (DF) of several Threatened species, such as Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni), dhole (Cuon alpinus), and Malayan pangolin (Manis javanica), were similar between surveys, suggesting the relative abundance of these species likely remained stable during the past 16 years. However, the DF of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) and Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus) were lower compared to 2000. In DTC, overall mammalian diversity was relatively lower than in TNM, primarily due to the non-detection of two large ungulates: gaur (Bos gaurus) and sambar (Rusa unicolor). Nevertheless, we recorded several other Threatened species of mammals, suggesting there is potential for this forest reserve to preserve some of Peninsular Malaysia’s most Threatened mammal species. Our results suggest that the Taman Negara Landscape is still an important global site for the conservation of several Threatened species, and we recommend an increase in wildlife law enforcement efforts to ensure the survival of its large and diverse mammalian community.

scholarly journals Terrestrial mammal community richness and temporal overlap between tigers and other carnivores in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
M. L. Allen ◽  
M. C. Sibarani ◽  
L. Utoyo ◽  
M. Krofel
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Terrestrial Mammal ◽  
Cuon Alpinus ◽  
Mammal Community ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Rapid and widespread biodiversity losses around the world make it important to survey and monitor endangered species, especially in biodiversity hotspots. Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) is one of the largest conserved areas on the island of Sumatra, and is important for the conservation of many threatened species. Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) are critically endangered and serve as an umbrella species for conservation, but may also affect the activity and distribution of other carnivores. We deployed camera traps for 8 years in an area of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) with little human activity to document the local terrestrial mammal community and investigate tiger spatial and temporal overlap with other carnivore species. We detected 39 mammal species including Sumatran tiger and several other threatened mammals. Annual species richness averaged 21.5 (range 19–24) mammals, and remained stable over time. The mammal order significantly affected annual detection of species and the number of cameras where a species was detected, while species conservation status did not. Tigers exhibited a diurnal activity pattern, and had the highest temporal overlap with marbled cats (Pardofelis marmorata), dholes (Cuon alpinus), and Malayan sun bears (Helarctos malayanus), but little overlap with other carnivores. These findings suggest that some smaller carnivores might be adjusting temporal activity to avoid tigers or mesocarnivores. The stable trends in richness of terrestrial mammal species show that BBSNP remains an important hotspot for the conservation of biodiversity.

scholarly journals Assessing the conservation status of the tiger Panthera tigris at priority sites in Peninsular Malaysia

Oryx ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony J. Lynam ◽  
Ruth Laidlaw ◽  
Wan Shaharuddin Wan Noordin ◽  
Sivananthan Elagupillay ◽  
Elizabeth L. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Forested Landscapes ◽  
Human Conflict ◽  
Tiger Population

AbstractWildlife managers require status and distribution information for informed decisions. Recognizing the tiger's globally threatened status and potential as an umbrella species for protection of forested landscapes, camera trap surveys for tigers and other large mammals have been conducted since 1997 in Peninsular Malaysia with the aim of assessing the population status of tigers in the Peninsula. Results from surveys at nine sites between December 1997 and December 1999 are reported here. Tigers were confirmed from six sites in the Main Range and Greater Taman Negara landscape, with multiple locations inside putative priority tiger areas. Although the data were collected 8 years ago, they are supplemented with more recent information, including tiger-human conflict investigations during 2000–2005 that indicate tiger persistence at these sites. Tiger density estimates were 0.51–1.95 tigers per 100 km2. With results from other surveys, this suggests a national population of up to several hundred tigers. A thorough survey, with sufficient resources, should be carried out in the future to derive a more reliable tiger population estimate for Malaysia. Key threats are habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting of prey, commercial trade in tiger parts, and harassment and displacement. Recommendations for the recovery of tigers in Peninsular Malaysia are provided.

scholarly journals Mammals of the Bhagirathi basin, Western Himalaya: understanding distribution along spatial gradients of habitats and disturbances

Oryx ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ranjana Pal ◽  
Shagun Thakur ◽  
Shashank Arya ◽  
Tapajit Bhattacharya ◽  
Sambandam Sathyakumar
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Eurasian Lynx ◽  
Asiatic Black Bear ◽  
Cuon Alpinus

Abstract Understanding the distribution of wildlife species and their response to diverse anthropogenic pressures is important for conservation planning and management of wildlife space in human-dominated landscapes. Assessments of anthropogenic impacts on mammals of the Indian Himalayan Region have mostly been limited to locations inside protected areas. We studied the occurrence of mammals in an unexplored landscape, the 7,586 km2 Bhagirathi basin, at an altitude of 500–5,200 m. The basin encompasses wilderness areas of various habitat types and protection status that are exposed to a range of anthropogenic pressures. Camera trapping at 209 locations during October 2015–September 2017 confirmed the occurrence of 39 species of mammals, nine of which are categorized as threatened (four Vulnerable, five Endangered) and four as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. We recorded five mammal species that were hitherto undocumented in Uttarakhand State: the argali Ovis ammon, Tibetan sand fox Vulpes ferrilata, woolly hare Lepus oiostolus, Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx and woolly flying squirrel Eupetaurus cinereus. In addition, we recorded two Endangered species, the dhole Cuon alpinus and tiger Panthera tigris. Threatened species such as the sambar Rusa unicolor, common leopard Panthera pardus and Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus occur in a wide variety of habitats despite anthropogenic disturbance. We recorded the snow leopard Panthera uncia in areas with high livestock density but temporally segregated from human activities. The musk deer Moschus spp. and Himalayan brown bear Ursus arctos isabellinus were recorded in subalpine habitats and appeared to be less affected by human and livestock presence. Our findings highlight the potential of the Bhagirathi basin as a stronghold for conservation of several threatened and rare mammal species.

scholarly journals Panthera tigris jacksoni Population Crash and Impending Extinction due to Environmental Perturbation and Human-Wildlife Conflict

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1032
Author(s):  
Dennis Choon Yung Ten ◽  
Rohana Jani ◽  
Noor Hashida Hashim ◽  
Salman Saaban ◽  
Abdul Kadir Abu Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Decline ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Environmental Perturbation ◽  
Population Crash ◽  
Tiger Conservation ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

The critically endangered Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni), with an estimated population of less than 200 individuals left in isolated rainforest habitats in Malaysia, is in an intermediate population crash leading to extinction in the next decade. The population has decreased significantly by illegal poaching, environmental perturbation, roadkill, and being captured during human–wildlife conflicts. Forty-five or more individuals were extracted from the wild (four animals captured due to conflict, one death due to canine distemper, one roadkilled, and 39 poached) in the 12 years between 2008–2019. The Malayan tigers are the first wildlife species to test positive for COVID-19 and are subject to the Canine Distemper Virus. These anthropogenic disturbances (poaching and human–tiger conflict) and environmental perturbation (decreasing habitat coverage and quality) have long been identified as impending extinction factors. Roadkill and infectious diseases have emerged recently as new confounding factors threatening Malayan tiger extinction in the near future. Peninsular Malaysia has an existing Malayan tiger conservation management plan; however, to enhance the protection and conservation of Malayan tigers from potential extinction, the authority should reassess the existing legislation, regulation, and management plan and realign them to prevent further population decline, and to better enable preparedness and readiness for the ongoing pandemic and future threats.

scholarly journals First structured camera-trap surveys in Karen State, Myanmar, reveal high diversity of globally threatened mammals

Oryx ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saw Sha Bwe Moo ◽  
Graden Z.L. Froese ◽  
Thomas N.E. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Cuon Alpinus ◽  
Karen People ◽  
Mammal Community ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Urgent Action

AbstractThe hill forests of Karen State, Myanmar, were previously inaccessible to biologists and conservationists for security and political reasons. We have, however, now been able to conduct six surveys across the area, using camera traps, for a total of 9,511 trap-nights, to ascertain the presence of threatened mammal species. We obtained 4,191 records of at least 31 mammal species, including 17 categorized as Near Threatened, Vulnerable or Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Carnivores were especially diverse, with 19 species recorded, indicating a globally significant community, including the tiger Panthera tigris, leopard Panthera pardus and dhole Cuon alpinus. Our methodology was not appropriate for estimating relative abundance or occupancy but the species richness of the mammal community, the number of records and the number of locations where species were detected suggest the area is important for the conservation of a globally threatened mammal community that is in decline across the majority of its range. Despite long-standing conservation efforts undertaken by the Karen people, their forests are threatened by hunting and habitat loss. These threats are likely to be exacerbated as political change brings rapid development. Urgent action is thus needed to assist the Karen people to protect one of South-east Asia's last intact rich and diverse ecosystems.

scholarly journals Mammals of the high altitudes of western Arunachal Pradesh, eastern Himalaya: an assessment of threats and conservation needs

Oryx ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charudutt Mishra ◽  
M.D. Madhusudan ◽  
Aparajita Datta
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Eastern Himalaya ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Arunachal Pradesh ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Cuon Alpinus ◽  
Arunachal Macaque

The high altitudes of Arunachal Pradesh, India, located in the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, remain zoologically unexplored and unprotected. We report results of recent mammal surveys in the high altitude habitats of western Arunachal Pradesh. A total of 35 mammal species (including 12 carnivores, 10 ungulates and 5 primates) were recorded, of which 13 are categorized as Endangered or Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. One species of primate, the Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala, is new to science and the Chinese goral Nemorhaedus caudatus is a new addition to the ungulate fauna of the Indian subcontinent. We documented peoples' dependence on natural resources for grazing and extraction of timber and medicinal plants. The region's mammals are threatened by widespread hunting. The snow leopard Uncia uncia and dhole Cuon alpinus are also persecuted in retaliation for livestock depredation. The tiger Panthera tigris, earlier reported from the lower valleys, is now apparently extinct there, and range reductions over the last two decades are reported for bharal Pseudois nayaur and musk deer Moschus sp.. Based on mammal species richness, extent of high altitude habitat, and levels of anthropogenic disturbance, we identified a potential site for the creation of Arunachal's first high altitude wildlife reserve (815 km2). Community-based efforts that provide incentives for conservation-friendly practices could work in this area, and conservation awareness programmes are required, not just amongst the local communities and schools but for politicians, bureaucrats and the army.

scholarly journals The conservation value of forest fragments in the increasingly agrarian landscape of Sumatra

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R Weiskopf ◽  
Jennifer L McCarthy ◽  
Kyle P McCarthy ◽  
Alexey N Shiklomanov ◽  
Hariyo T Wibisono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Manis Javanica ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Remnant Forest

SummaryDestruction of tropical rainforests reduces many unprotected habitats to small fragments of remnant forests within agricultural matrices. To date, these remnant forest fragments have been largely disregarded as wildlife habitat, and little is known about mammalian use of these areas in Sumatra. Here, we conducted camera trap surveys (2285 trap-nights) within Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park and five surrounding remnant forest fragments during 2010–2013 and used species composition metrics to compare use. We found 28 mammal species in the protected forest and 21 in the fragments. The fragments harboured a subset of species found in the protected forest and several species not observed in the protected forest. Critically endangered species such as Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) and Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) were found in the forest fragments, along with species of conservation concern such as marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata) and Asiatic golden cat (Pardofelis temminckii). The biodiversity found within the fragments suggests that these small patches of remnant forest may have conservation value to certain mammal species and indicates the importance of further research into the role these habitats may play in landscape-level, multispecies conservation planning.

scholarly journals Camera-trap surveys reveal high diversity of mammals and pheasants in Medog, Tibet

Oryx ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyou Li ◽  
William V. Bleisch ◽  
Xinwu Liu ◽  
Xuelong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Eastern Himalaya ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Cuon Alpinus ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
Panthera Tigris Tigris

Abstract Medog County lies within the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, but biodiversity in the region remains largely unexplored as there was no permanent road access until 2014. Here we present data from camera-trap surveys in five areas of Medog County, to ascertain the occurrence and occupancy of threatened wildlife species. With a total survey effort of 4,570 trap days we detected 23 medium and large terrestrial mammal species and six pheasant species, 13 of which are categorized as Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened in the IUCN Red List and 19 of which are categorized as regionally threatened on the China Species Red List. Carnivora was the most diverse order, with 15 species recorded. Our study produced the first camera-trap photographic evidence of the Bengal tiger Panthera tigris tigris in China. In addition, we detected the dhole Cuon alpinus, golden cat Catopuma temminckii, marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata and mainland clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa, highlighting the conservation value of the region. The occupancy of muntjac Muntiacus spp. was high (52.7%), indicating prey for large carnivores was abundant. People, livestock and domestic dogs were also recorded frequently, suggesting the fauna are potentially threatened by human disturbance. In the light of recent development in the region, conservation efforts are urgently required, to prevent prey depletion and habitat degradation in this priority region for conservation.

scholarly journals Plant diversity assessment of karst limestone, a case study of Malaysia’s Batu Caves

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 21-49
Author(s):  
Ruth Kiew ◽  
Rafidah Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Importance Score ◽  
Diversity Assessment

Batu Caves hill is typical of karst hills in Peninsular Malaysia due to its small size and high biodiversity. It harbours 366 vascular plant species that represent about 25% of the Peninsula’s limestone flora. Five species are endemic to Batu Caves and 23 are threatened species. This high biodiversity is the result of many microhabitats, each with their own assemblages of species. Threats are especially severe as the area of Batu Caves is surrounded by urbanisation that encroaches to the foot of cliffs, is vulnerable to fire, habitat disturbance and, formerly, by quarrying. Assigning a Conservation Importance Score (CIS) to all species is quantitative and accurate, can be implemented rapidly and produces reproducible results. Species with highest CIS are native species of primary vegetation, restricted to limestone substrates, endangered conservation status and, in this case, endemic to Batu Caves. It allows not only species, but microhabitats, sites within a hill and different hills to be compared. By identifying and surveying all microhabitats and focusing on locating endemic and threatened species, maximum biodiversity can be captured. Of the 16 microhabitats identified, the most threatened were the buffer zone, lower levels of steep earth-covered slopes and cave entrances. Application of this method provides a scientific basis for balancing the need to protect microhabitats and sites with the highest CIS, with their multiple uses by various stakeholders, which, at Batu Caves, include the activities of cave temples and eco-recreation. It also provides a scientific quantitative method to compare hills to ensure that those hills with highest CIS are not released for mining.

scholarly journals Medium and large-sized mammals in Private Natural Heritage Reserves in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-396
Author(s):  
Thales Claussem Vicente Corrêa ◽  
Lara Modesto Mendes ◽  
Kleiber José Vaz de Melo Barbosa ◽  
Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Red List ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Natural Heritage ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Quadrilátero Ferrífero ◽  
Large Animals

Habitat fragmentation has been shown to be constantly growing and increasingly affecting the conservation of species that require large areas for their populations to subsist, as is the case for most large animals. In Minas Gerais, there are 45 species threatened with extinction in the Brazilian Red List and for most mammal species there is not yet sufficient data on their populations and distributions, which makes it difficult to understand their conservation status. To understand the composition of medium and large mammals in two Private Natural Heritage Reserves (RPPNs) in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero of Minas Gerais (Cata Branca and Córrego Seco), in a transition zone between the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado, a camera trapping survey of mastofauna was carried out between November 2019 and May 2020. The combined RPPNs have a rich diversity with 20 species of medium and large mammals and provide a fundamental service for the protection of animals threatened with extinction, in addition to harbouring important species for the maintenance of local ecosystems. However, they are areas with a strong anthropic impact and have a lower richness than some other reserves also located in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, especially Cata Branca, which had a lower richness than Córrego Seco.

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