First-Order Optics of the General Optical System

1972 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Sands
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
First Order

scholarly journals The research on the illumination distribution law of the first-order scattered light in the focal plane of transmission optical system

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 044201
Author(s):  
Tan Nai-Yue ◽  
Xu Zhong-Jie ◽  
Wei Ke ◽  
Zhang Yue ◽  
Wang Rui
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
First Order

scholarly journals On a theory of the second order longitudinal spherical aberra­tion for a symmetrical optical system

1920 ◽  
Vol 97 (683) ◽  
pp. 196-198
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Axial Plane ◽  
First Order ◽  
Usual Theory ◽  
Semi Empirical

1. The object of this investigation is to establish a formula for the longitudinal spherical aberration of rays which traverse a symmetrical optical system in an axial plane that shall be capable of fairly easy computation for any combination of lenses, and at the same time shall be accurate to the second order and free from certain important difficulties of convergency which occur in certain neighbourhoods when we attempt to use for the longitudinal aberration the method of aberration of successive orders. From the point of view of the optical designer, the usual theory of aberrations, which, for all practical purposes, is largely restricted to the first order, is known to give an unsatisfactory approximation. In practice, the designer adopts a semi-empirical method of tracing a number of rays through the system by means of the trigonometrical equations, a method which is laborious and lengthy, and which can at best give only incomplete informa­tion and very limited guidance for effecting improvements.

Note on the Petzval optical condition

1926 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-464
Author(s):  
G. C. Steward
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Optical System ◽  
Geometrical Meaning ◽  
First Order ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
General Method ◽  
Usual Notation

As a preliminary to an investigation of certain diffraction patterns I was led to consider, in some detail, the geometrical aberrations of a symmetrical optical system; and it appeared convenient then to classify the aberrations in orders according as they depend upon various powers of certain small quantities and to exhibit them as coefficients in the expansion of an ‘ Aberration Function.’ If aberrations of the first order only are considered, it becomes evident that one of them stands, in some sense, apart from the rest; I refer to the so-called ‘Petzval’ condition for flatness of field. It is of interest to notice that this condition was known to Coddington and to Airy before the time of Petzval—known at least as far as concerns systems of thin lenses. In the usual notation the condition is ΣΚ/μμ′ = 0; it is therefore independent of the positions of the object and pupil planes and in this respect it stands alone among the first order aberrations. But an increasing number of similar aberrations of higher orders will be found and it is of interest to examine these and to investigate their geometrical meaning. In the following note is given a proof of the Petzval condition, differing from that usually given and falling more into line with the general theory, and indicating also a general method of examining aberrations of this peculiar type.

scholarly journals Ray transference of a system with radial gradi- ent index

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Gradient Index ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Gradient Systems ◽  
Radial Gradient ◽  
First Order ◽  
Optical Character ◽  
Catadioptric Systems

The ray transference is central to the understanding of the first-order optical character of an optical system including the visual optical system of the eye.  It can be calculated for dioptric and catadioptric systems from a knowledge of curvatures, tilts and spacing of surfaces in the system provided the material between successive surfaces has a uniform index of refraction.  However the index of the natural lens of the eye is not uniform but varies with position.  There is a need, therefore, for a method of calculating the transference of systems containing such gradient-index elements.  As a first step this paper shows that the transference of elements in which the index varies radially can be obtained directly from published formulae.  The transferences of radial-gradient systems are examined.  Expressions are derived for several properties including the power, the front- and back-surface powers and the locations of the cardinal points.  Equations are obtained for rays through such systems and for the locations of images of object points through them.  Numerical examples are presented in the appen-dix. (S Afr Optom 2012 71(2) 57-63)

Propagation of anomalous hollow beam through a misaligned first-order optical system

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1218-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuilong Wang ◽  
Chengliang Zhao ◽  
Bijun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Hollow Beam ◽  
First Order

Propagation of high-order Bessel–Gaussian beam through a misaligned first-order optical system

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengliang Zhao ◽  
Ligang Wang ◽  
Xuanhui Lu ◽  
He Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Beam ◽  
Optical System ◽  
High Order ◽  
First Order
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