Magnitude and nature of the quadratic electro-optic effect in potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate crystals

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Gunning ◽  
Roger E. Raab ◽  
Włodimierz Kucharczyk
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen ◽  
Electro Optic

Optical rectification in ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and quartz

1967 ◽  
Vol 299 (1457) ◽  
pp. 238-263 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Optical Rectification ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Relative Measurements ◽  
Improved Accuracy

Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 ) and quartz each have two independent, nonzero, optical rectification coefficients. Measurements of various ratios among these coefficients are described. The uncertainty of ± 6%, achieved in the most favourable case, represents improvement by a factor of 8 over previous relative measurements of optical rectification coefficients by Bass, Franken & Ward (1965). The signs of the coefficients are determined directly for the first time. Improved accuracy makes possible a more stringent test of the theoretical relation between linear electro-optic and optical rectification coefficients which was pointed out by Armstrong, Bloembergen, Ducuing & Pershan (1962) and studied in more detail by Ward & Franken (1964). The data for NH 4 H 2 PO 4 and KH 2 PO 4 are consistent with this relation. It is thought that apparent discrepancies in the case of quartz, where the data are less accurate, are probably explained otherwise than by the breakdown of the relation. The temperature dependences in the range +20 to —120°C of both optical rectification coefficients in KH 2 PO 4 are investigated and interpreted in terms of local field factors. Optical rectification data and other data from the literature for NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , KH 2 PO 4 and quartz are discussed in relation to Kleinman’s symmetry conditions and quantum mechanical expressions for the nonlinear coefficients to yield information on the nature of the underlying processes.

The Effect of Phosphatic Composite on Magnesium Phosphate Cement Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 477-484
Author(s):  
Zhao Qing Qi ◽  
Hong Tao Wang ◽  
Jun Liang Dang ◽  
Shi Hao Zhang ◽  
Jian Hua Ding
Keyword(s):  
Setting Time ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Magnesium Phosphate ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen ◽  
Sodium Dihydrogen

The capacity of 10%, 30%, and 50% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate were replaced with an equal amount of three phosphate (potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate) respectively. Magnesium phosphate cement was made by phosphate of replaced, which strength, setting time, fluidity, hydration temperature, and the hydration products was researched. The results show that: MPC was made that replaced with the equal amount of three kind of phosphate, which has good mechanical properties. Setting time and fluidity change along with the replacment. Three kind of phosphate replace ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, which change the hydration process of MPC. When ammonium dihydrogen phosphate was replaced by an equal amount of disodium hydrogen phosphate, the temperature of hydration is only 69.4 °C. XRD showed that the diffraction peaks of composite’s magnesium phosphate cement increases.

Effect of optical activity on electro-optic measurements in crystals of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate family

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 950-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Izdebski
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Optical Activity ◽  
Point Group ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Effective Coefficients ◽  
New Interpretation

Crystals of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate family in their paraelectric phase belong to point group \overline 4 2m, which allows for natural optical activity and electric field-induced optical activity related to the linear and nonlinear electrogyration effects. This work presents a theoretical analysis of the influence of these effects on measurements of the linear, quadratic and fourth-order electro-optic coefficients. Both the polarimetric technique and a method based on Michelson interferometry are considered. A number of configurations of the light path and the electric field directions were analyzed, and it was found that the influence, when it appears, is usually negligibly small. Thus, no previously reported experimental data need a new interpretation. However, in future measurements of some effective coefficients of the quadratic electro-optic effect using the dynamic polarimetric technique, the contribution of the quadratic electrogyration may no longer be negligible after improving the resolution from 10−21to 10−22 m2 V−2. This work also shows that the quadratic electrogyration described by the β31coefficient may be decoupled from the linear and quadratic electro-optic effects in measurements performed by the polarimetric method.

Measurement of quadratic electrogyration effect in KDP crystals for light propagating along the optical axis

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Izdebski
Keyword(s):  
Optical Axis ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Measurement Procedure ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Kdp Crystal ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Lock In

In this paper, a method of measuring the β31 coefficient of the quadratic electrogyration effect in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP)-type crystals is proposed. It is shown that this very weak effect can be decoupled from other stronger effects occurring simultaneously in the real measuring system, even when small inaccuracies in crystal cutting and alignment are taken into account. Theoretical and numerical analyses are illustrated by experimental data obtained for the KDP crystal. High sensitivity, which is required for successful measurements at room and higher temperatures, has been achieved by using the polarimetric method for a light beam propagating along the optical axis of the crystal in combination with the lock-in technique and a new measurement procedure that compensates for the contribution of other effects such as electro-optic effects, natural birefringence and dichroism. It was found that the β31 coefficient measured at a wavelength of 632.8 nm decreases linearly from 2.53 × 10−21 m2 V−2 at a temperature of 298 K to 2.08 × 10−21 m2 V−2 at 343 K.

scholarly journals KH2PO4 crystallisation from potassium chloride and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Jančaitienė ◽  
Rasa Šlinkšienė
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Abstract Seeking to obtain bulk (NPK – nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), chlorine-free fertilizers, the influence of interaction between potassium chloride and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in aqueous solutions at temperature of 20, 40, 60 and 80°C has been investigated. Components of the solid phase have been identified by methods of chemical and instrumental analysis: radiography (X – ray), infra – red molecular absorption spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It has been observed that the largest amount of solid state potassium dihydrogen phosphate was obtained at 60–80°C, when the potassium chloride and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate molar ratio is equal 0.8:0.2. Changing the molar ratio of 0.5:0.5 to 0.8:0.2, and with increasing temperature, various shaped crystals have developed in the remaining aqueous solutions with a morphology shifting from sharp needles to tetragonal prism.

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