The Use of a High Temperature Hollow Cathode Lamp for the Determination of Trace Elements in Steels, Nickel-Base Alloys, and Ferroalloys by Emission Spectrometry

1981 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Thelin
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Hollow Cathode ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Hollow Cathode Lamp ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
Nickel Base

A high temperature hollow cathode lamp from Applied Research Laboratories, Luton, was used for multielement determination of trace elements in steels, nickel-base alloys and ferroalloys. A 10-mg sample (chips) was placed inside a hollow graphite electrode in the lamp, which was filled with helium. It was possible to raise the power through the lamp linearly and automatically, so that the combined thermal and sputtering effect in the lamp atomized the different elements one after another according to their boiling points. This selective volatilization improved the precision and the limits of detection for the elements determined. Analysis results for Pb, Bi, Zn, Ag, Sb, and Ca in the concentration range 0.05 to 100 μg g−1 are discussed. Because of the effective atomization in the lamp, no matrix effects were observed for these elements. One of the main purposes of this investigation was to study the time dependence of the intensity for the different elements during the volatilization phase. This procedure gave very clean spectra. In this investigation a new computerized image dissector echelle spectrometer, was used as the registration system.

6Li Atom Percentage Determination by Atomic Absorption–Emission Spectrometry Using a Natural Lithium Hollow Cathode Lamp

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 971-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ejaz UR Rehman ◽  
Shakeel UR Rehman ◽  
Shafaat Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Hollow Cathode ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Hollow Cathode Lamp ◽  
The Difference

A simple method has been developed for the determination of 6Li atom % using combined atomic emission–absorption spectrometry employing a commonly available natural lithium hollow cathode lamp. Unlike in previous practice, there is no need for specially fabricated and high cost 6Li and 7Li monoisotopic lamps in this method. The method requires adjustment of total lithium contents of the sample, i.e., 6Li + 7Li, to 2 μg-mL−1 based upon atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) ( Caes) against a 2 μg-mL−1 natural lithium standard. The concentration of the sample was then analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) measurements ( Caas). The difference between the concentration measured by AES and AAS, i.e., Caes — Caas, was calculated. The magnitude of the difference was found to be a function of 6Li fraction in the sample. A calibration curve was constructed by plotting 6Li atom % versus [( Caes — Caas)/ Caes] X 100. 6Li atom % of an unknown sample can be evaluated by putting its [( Caes — Caas)/ Caes] X 100 value in the calibration curve. The method is fast, convenient, and precise.

Atomic Absorption Determination of Lead, Bismuth, Selenium, Tellurium, Thallium and Tin in Complex Alloys Using Direct Atomization from Metal Chips in the Graphite Furnace

1977 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Marks ◽  
G. G. Welcher ◽  
R. J. Spellman
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Nickel Base Alloy ◽  
Metal Chips ◽  
Nickel Base

Atomic absorption spectrometry utilizing electrothermal atomization devices has proven to be the best technique available for the analysis of complex alloys for trace elements of metallurgical interest. The determination of lead, bismuth, selenium, tellurium, thallium, and tin was successfully demonstrated by direct atomization from complex, nickel-base alloy chips with commercial atomic absorption furnace equipment. The determination was carried out by first milling metal chips from the bulk sample. The sample was transferred directly to the furnace and atomized immediately with no preatomization heating cycle. A series of cast alloy standards containing the trace elements were prepared by additions to a nickel-base alloy, then subsequently analyzed by established analytical methods. Of the three commercial atomizers studied, the Perkin-Elmer model HGA 2100 proved to be the most suitable for direct determination of the trace elements of interest. The coefficient of variation of absorbance measurements varied from 7% for bismuth which is easily atomized to 25% for tin which is more difficult to atomize.

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