A Leaky-Integrator Model as a Control Mechanism Underlying Flexible Decision Making during Task Switching

ABSTRACTThe connection between stimulus perception and time perception remains unknown. The present study combines human and rat psychophysics with sensory cortical neuronal firing to construct a computational model for the percept of elapsed time embedded within sense of touch. When subjects judged the duration of a vibration applied to the fingertip (human) or whiskers (rat), increasing stimulus mean speed led to increasing perceived duration. Symmetrically, increasing vibration duration led to increasing perceived intensity. We modeled spike trains from vibrissal somatosensory cortex as input to dual leaky integrators – an intensity integrator with short time constant and a duration integrator with long time constant – generating neurometric functions that replicated the actual psychophysical functions of rats. Returning to human psychophysics, we then confirmed specific predictions of the dual leaky integrator model. This study offers a framework, based on sensory coding and subsequent accumulation of sensory drive, to account for how a feeling of the passage of time accompanies the tactile sensory experience.

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Distributed decision making for task switching via a consensus-like algorithm

2009 American Control Conference ◽

10.1109/acc.2009.5159936 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jay Wagenpfeil ◽

Adrian Trachte ◽

Takeshi Hatanaka ◽

Masayuki Fujita ◽

Oliver Sawodny

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Task Switching ◽

Distributed Decision Making ◽

Distributed Decision

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Task Switching as a Two-Stage Decision Process

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.01184.2005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 95 (5) ◽

pp. 3146-3153 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

N. Sinha ◽

J.T.G. Brown ◽

R.H.S. Carpenter

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Simple Model ◽

Task Switching ◽

Decision Process ◽

Time Behavior ◽

Complex Situation ◽

Linear Approach ◽

Plausible Model ◽

In Series ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Saccades represent decisions, and the study of their latency has led to a neurally plausible model of the underlying mechanisms, LATER (Linear Approach to Threshold with Ergodic Rate), that can successfully predict reaction time behavior in simple decision tasks, with fixed instructions. However, if the instructions abruptly change, we have a more complex situation, known as task switching. Psychologists' explanations of the phenomena of task switching have so far tended to be qualitative rather than quantitative, and not intended to relate particularly clearly to existing models of decision making or to likely neural implementations. Here, we investigated task switching using a novel saccadic task: we presented the instructions by stimulus elements identical to those of the task itself, allowing us to compare decisions about instructions with decisions in the actual task. Our results support a relatively simple model consisting of two distinct LATER processes in series: the first detects the instruction, the second implements it.

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Self-Organizing Control Mechanism Based on Collective Decision-Making for Information Uncertainty

ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems ◽

10.1145/3183340 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Naomi Kuze ◽

Daichi Kominami ◽

Kenji Kashima ◽

Tomoaki Hashimoto ◽

Masayuki Murata

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Control Mechanism ◽

Collective Decision ◽

Collective Decision Making ◽

Information Uncertainty ◽

Self Organizing

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Stochastic Leaky Integrator Model for Interval Timing

Lecture Notes in Computer Science - Multi-disciplinary Trends in Artificial Intelligence ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-13365-2_2 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 13-22

Author(s):

Komala Anamalamudi ◽

Bapi Raju Surampudi ◽

Madhavilatha Maganti

Keyword(s):

Interval Timing ◽

Leaky Integrator ◽

Integrator Model

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Probing the decision-making mechanisms underlying choice between drug and nondrug rewards in rats

10.1101/2020.11.14.382622 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Youna Vandaele ◽

Magalie Lenoir ◽

Caroline Vouillac-Mendoza ◽

Karine Guillem ◽

S.H. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Behavioral Ecology ◽

Control Mechanism ◽

Response Selection ◽

Choice Model ◽

Response Competition ◽

Recent Effort ◽

Response Latencies ◽

Competition Mechanism ◽

Choice Setting

AbstractInvestigating the decision-making mechanisms underlying choice between drug and nondrug rewards is essential to understand how their alterations can contribute to substance use disorders. However, despite some recent effort, this investigation remains a challenge in a drug choice setting, notably when it comes to delineate the role of goal-directed versus habitual control mechanisms. The goal of this study was to try probing these different mechanisms by comparing response latencies measured during sampling (i.e., only one option is available) and choice trials. A deliberative goal-directed control mechanism predicts a lengthening of latencies during choice whereas a habitual control mechanism predicts no change in latencies. Alternatively, a race-like response competition mechanism, such as that postulated by the behavioral ecology-inspired Sequential Choice Model (SCM), predicts instead a shortening of response latencies during choice compared to sampling. Here we tested the predictions of these different mechanisms by conducting a systematic retrospective analysis of all cocaine versus saccharin choice experiments conducted in rats in our laboratory over the past 12 years. Overall, we found that rats engage a deliberative goal-directed mechanism after limited training, but shift to a SCM-like response selection mechanism after more extended training. The latter finding suggests that habitual control is engaged in a choice setting via a race-like response competition mechanism, and thus, that the SCM is not a general model of choice, as formulated initially, but a specific model of habitual choice.

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A sensory integration account for time perception

PLoS Computational Biology ◽

10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008668 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. e1008668

Author(s):

Alessandro Toso ◽

Arash Fassihi ◽

Luciano Paz ◽

Francesca Pulecchi ◽

Mathew E. Diamond

Keyword(s):

Time Perception ◽

Time Constant ◽

Sensory Integration ◽

Neuronal Firing ◽

Elapsed Time ◽

Leaky Integrator ◽

Long Time ◽

Integrator Model ◽

Short Time ◽

Sense Of Touch

The connection between stimulus perception and time perception remains unknown. The present study combines human and rat psychophysics with sensory cortical neuronal firing to construct a computational model for the percept of elapsed time embedded within sense of touch. When subjects judged the duration of a vibration applied to the fingertip (human) or whiskers (rat), increasing stimulus intensity led to increasing perceived duration. Symmetrically, increasing vibration duration led to increasing perceived intensity. We modeled real spike trains recorded from vibrissal somatosensory cortex as input to dual leaky integrators–an intensity integrator with short time constant and a duration integrator with long time constant–generating neurometric functions that replicated the actual psychophysical functions of rats. Returning to human psychophysics, we then confirmed specific predictions of the dual leaky integrator model. This study offers a framework, based on sensory coding and subsequent accumulation of sensory drive, to account for how a feeling of the passage of time accompanies the tactile sensory experience.

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Part V Safeguarding the Process, 12 Evidence and Annulment

10.1093/law/9780198753506.003.0012 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Sourgens Frédéric Gilles ◽

Duggal Kabir ◽

Laird Ian A

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Dispute Resolution ◽

Dispute Settlement ◽

Control Mechanism ◽

Decision Makers

This chapter considers annulment in the context of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Here, annulment controls the process of arbitral decision-making rather than its result. As a control mechanism, annulment is centrally concerned with the question whether a tribunal applied the principles of evidence codified in arbitral procedure or cast those same principles aside to make a decision on a completely different basis. Parties perceive the legitimacy of a process of dispute settlement in terms of the predictability with which decision-makers appraise their factual submissions. As such, principles of evidence are central to the mission of annulment to ‘maintain the vitality and integrity of a process of dispute resolution by providing the degree of supervision sufficient to correct violations of parties’ expectations in a way that sustains confidence in the efficiency and fairness of ICSID arbitration’.

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