Accumulation of Major Life Events in Childhood and Adult Life and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

It has been shown that maternal diabetes increases the risk for obesity, glucose intolerance, and Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the adult life of the offspring. Mechanisms for these effects on the offspring are not well understood, and little information is available to reveal the mechanisms. We studied the effect of maternal diabetes on β-cell function in the offspring of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat mothers (STZ-offspring). STZ-offspring did not become glucose intolerant up to 15 wk of age. At this age, however, insulin secretion was significantly impaired, as measured by in vivo and in vitro studies. Consistent with these changes, islet glucose metabolism and some important glucose metabolic enzyme activities were reduced. No significant changes were found in islet morphological analysis. These data indicate that β-cell function is impaired in adult STZ-offspring; these changes may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood.

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A Diagnosis of the Metabolic Syndrome in Youth That Resolves by Adult Life Is Associated With a Normalization of High Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.jacc.2012.05.056 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (17) ◽

pp. 1631-1639 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Costan G. Magnussen ◽

Juha Koskinen ◽

Markus Juonala ◽

Wei Chen ◽

Sathanur R. Srinivasan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Adult Life ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Risk

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Role of Stress in Newly Detected Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension

International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.18311/ijmds/2017/18838 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1493

Author(s):

Bavneet Kaur ◽

Upneet Bedi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Strong Association

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension are chronic diseases whose prevalence is increasing globally. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetes and hypertension, and lifestyle and clinical risk factor do not fully account for the link between the conditions.Objective: This study provides an overview of the evidences concerning the role of stressful life events as contributors of increasing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the population.Material and Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study comprising of 80 random cases of newly detected type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Strength of association with the outcome endurance of diabetes mellitus and hypertension with stress levels grouped as slight risk, moderate risk and at risk was evaluated and reported as RR (relative risk) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) x^2 used for trend, p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Strong association found between exposure to stress and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (RR=1.51, 95% CI=1.09-2.10) (p=0.02). A positive linear trend was observed between hypertension and stress. For SBP (x^2 for trend=18.5, df=2, p=0.0001 highly significant). DBP 7 times more risk of developing hypertension (RR=7.36, 95% CI=1.27-4.94), p=0.0006 (highly significant).Conclusion: Strong association was found between stress and development of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In hypertensive's a positive linear trend was seen between the two variables. In the diabetics, the relative risk with stress was 1.5 times. Stressful life events increase the risk of developing Type2 diabetes and hypertension.

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Early Life Factors and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2013/485082 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Xinli Jiang ◽

Huijie Ma ◽

Yan Wang ◽

Yan Liu

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Early Life ◽

Animal Experiments ◽

Adult Life ◽

Later Life ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Early Life Factors

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease, and its aetiology involves a complex interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. In recent years, evidences from both human and animal experiments have correlated early life factors with programming diabetes risk in adult life. Fetal and neonatal period is crucial for organ development. Many maternal factors during pregnancy may increase the risk of diabetes of offsprings in later life, which include malnutrition, healthy (hyperglycemia and obesity), behavior (smoking, drinking, and junk food diet), hormone administration, and even stress. In neonates, catch-up growth, lactation, glucocorticoids administration, and stress have all been found to increase the risk of insulin resistance or T2DM. Unfavorable environments (socioeconomic situation and famine) or obesity also has long-term negative effects on children by causing increased susceptibility to T2DM in adults. We also address the potential mechanisms that may underlie the developmental programming of T2DM. Therefore, it might be possible to prevent or delay the risk for T2DM by improving pre- and/or postnatal factors.

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