Correction: Anatomical analysis of antebrachial cutaneous nerve distribution pattern and its clinical implications for sensory reconstruction

The distally based or the reverse pedicle sural flap (abbreviated as the sural flap) is widely used for the coverage of soft-tissue defects in the lower leg, ankle, and foot. Clinical studies have tended to confirm that almost all the cases receiving the sural nerve (SN) anastomosed to the recipient nerve had sensory reconstruction for the weight-bearing heel in past decades. However, these results were incompletely consistent with the published anatomic literature about the variations of the SN branches in the lower legs. We conducted a clinical anatomic study to clarify some ambiguous view points in the sensory reconstruction of sural flap. Thirty-two lower legs of Chinese cadavers were dissected, and the data about distribution and variations of the SN branches were collected. The medial sural cutaneous nerve (MSCN) and the peroneal communicating branch (PCB) had no sensory subbranches to the upper and middle posterolateral surface of the lower leg except that the PCB had sensory subbranches in one leg. The lateral sural cutaneous nerve (LSCN) ramified 1 to 8 sensory subbranches to above the area in 24 of 32 (75%) legs. The LSCN is the nerve of choice for sensory reconstruction of the sural flap, anatomically; at most, about two-thirds to three-fourths (65%–75%) of the sural flap could have the sensate reconstruction via anastomosis. In contrast, the PCB nerve offers a very low possibility of reinnervation. The MSCN cannot neurotize the sural flap, although protective sensation recovery may be obtained.

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The distribution pattern of the dorsal cutaneous nerves of the foot and its clinical implications

Anatomy & Cell Biology ◽

10.5115/acb.20.039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 137-142

Author(s):

Chirapat Inchai ◽

Tanawat Vaseenon ◽

Yasuhito Tanaka ◽

Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh

Keyword(s):

Distribution Pattern ◽

Clinical Implications

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High Prevalence of Sternal Foramen: Quantitative, Anatomical Analysis and its Clinical Implications in Acupuncture Practice

International Journal of Morphology ◽

10.4067/s0717-95022012000300045 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 1042-1049 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marcio A Babinski ◽

Fábio A Rafael ◽

Alisson D Steil ◽

Célio F Sousa-Rodrigues ◽

Emerson A Sgrott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Implications ◽

Anatomical Analysis ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Sternal Foramen

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Transmuscular Course of the Medial Sural Cutaneous Nerve and its Clinical Implications

International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.19056/ijmdsjssmes/2014/v3i1/80712 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 348

Author(s):

Sherry Sharma ◽

Tripta Sharma ◽

Sunil Bhardwaj

Keyword(s):

Sural Nerve ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Cutaneous Nerve ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Axonal Loss ◽

Adequate Knowledge

Variations of nerve are not only of anatomic and embryological interest but also of clinical importance. Their adequate knowledge will help in increasing surgical precision and decreasing morbidity. Anatomical variations in the formation of the sural nerve are common, although the topographical localization of this nerve is constant. In this report, we describe a case of an anomalous course of the medial sural cutaneous nerve which descended through the gastrocnemius via a tunnel formed within the muscle. Such anatomical variation of the sural nerve is clinically important when evaluating sensory axonal loss in distal axonal neuropathies since sural nerve mononeuropathy is less likely to occur.

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Overall Distribution Pattern of the Intramuscular Nerves of the Extraocular Muscles and its Clinical Implications

International Journal of Morphology ◽

10.4067/s0717-95022021000501412 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 1412-1419

Author(s):

Guoyan Zhou ◽

Jiayu Zhou ◽

Danli Wang ◽

Shengbo Yang

Keyword(s):

Distribution Pattern ◽

Extraocular Muscles ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Intramuscular Nerves

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Ultrasound Imaging for the Cutaneous Nerves of the Extremities and Relevant Entrapment Syndromes: From Anatomy to Clinical Implications

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm7110457 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 457 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Ke-Vin Chang ◽

Kamal Mezian ◽

Ondřej Naňka ◽

Wei-Ting Wu ◽

Yueh-Ming Lou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pain Syndrome ◽

Cutaneous Nerve ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Neuropathic Pain Syndrome ◽

Femoral Cutaneous Nerve ◽

Palmar Cutaneous Branch ◽

Cutaneous Branch ◽

Ultrasound Technology ◽

Subcutaneous Layer ◽

Entrapment Syndromes

Cutaneous nerve entrapment plays an important role in neuropathic pain syndrome. Due to the advancement of ultrasound technology, the cutaneous nerves can be visualized by high-resolution ultrasound. As the cutaneous nerves course superficially in the subcutaneous layer, they are vulnerable to entrapment or collateral damage in traumatic insults. Scanning of the cutaneous nerves is challenging due to fewer anatomic landmarks for referencing. Therefore, the aim of the present article is to summarize the anatomy of the limb cutaneous nerves, to elaborate the scanning techniques, and also to discuss the clinical implications of pertinent entrapment syndromes of the medial brachial cutaneous nerve, intercostobrachial cutaneous nerve, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve, superficial branch of the radial nerve, dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve, palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve, anterior femoral cutaneous nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, sural nerve, and saphenous nerve.

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