scholarly journals Protective activities of distinct omega-3 enriched oils are linked to their ability to upregulate specialized pro-resolving mediators

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242543
Author(s):  
Agua Sobrino ◽  
Mary E. Walker ◽  
Romain A. Colas ◽  
Jesmond Dalli
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Human Macrophages ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis

Clinical studies using a range of omega-3 supplements have yielded conflicting results on their efficacy to control inflammation. Omega-3 fatty acids are substrate for the formation of potent immune-protective mediators, termed as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). Herein, we investigated whether observed differences in the potencies of distinct omega-3 supplements were linked with their ability to upregulate SPM formation. Using lipid mediator profiling we found that four commercially available supplements conferred a unique SPM signature profile to human macrophages, with the overall increases in SPM concentrations being different between the four supplements. These increases in SPM concentrations were linked with an upregulation of macrophage phagocytosis and a decreased uptake of oxidized low-density lipoproteins. Pharmacological inhibition of two key SPM biosynthetic enzymes 5-Lipoxygenase or 15-Lipoxygenase reversed the macrophage-directed actions of each of the omega-3 supplements. Furthermore, administration of the two supplements that most potently upregulated macrophage SPM formation and reprogrammed their responses in vitro, to APOE-/- mice fed a western diet, increased plasma SPM concentrations and reduced vascular inflammation. Together these findings support the utility of SPM as potential prognostic markers in determining the utility of a given supplement to regulate macrophage responses and inflammation.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Delivery of Omega-3 Fatty Acids to Human Cancer Cells by Low-Density Lipoproteins versus Albumin

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8275-8283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris J. Edwards ◽  
Isabelle M. Berquin ◽  
Haiguo Sun ◽  
Joseph T. O’Flaherty ◽  
Larry W. Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Human Cancer Cells

Abstract 15019: Differential Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Combinations on the Inhibition of Oxidation Of Human Low-density Lipoproteins in vitro

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Sherratt ◽  
James J Ferguson ◽  
Deepak L Bhatt ◽  
Preston Mason
Keyword(s):  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Background: Omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) reduce levels of triglyceride but may also have additional atheroprotective benefits. Randomized trials have suggested potential clinical outcome differences among O3FAs formulations. Oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) contributes to endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and other aspects of atherogenesis. Individual O3FAs have been shown to inhibit LDL oxidation to varying degrees, but the antioxidant effects of combining O3FAs is unknown. Objective: To compare the dose- and time-dependent antioxidant effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5) alone and in combination with either docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) in human LDL in vitro . Methods: Human LDL was isolated from healthy subjects and adjusted to a final ApoB concentration of 100 μg/mL in physiologic buffer (PBS) before being incubated with O3FAs at 37°C. The EPA levels in the combinations were fixed at either 2.0, 3.0, or 4.5 μM, while the DPA or DHA levels were set at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μM. Oxidation was initiated by copper sulfate (10 μM) and measured over time by formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid oxidation product. Results: When combined with EPA, both DPA and DHA increased inhibition of oxidation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with DPA showing a greater effect and more prolonged inhibition. At high levels of EPA (4.5 μM), DPA showed significantly greater antioxidant activity than equimolar DHA; these differences were more apparent with time. After 8 hours, adding 1.0 μM DPA reduced MDA formation by 61% versus vehicle (3.10 ± 0.42 vs. 7.98 ± 0.56, p <0.001), while adding 1.0 μM DHA only reduced MDA formation by 20% (6.40 ± 1.23, p <0.05). When 2 μM DPA or DHA were added, after 10 hours only DPA still had a significant degree of inhibition versus vehicle (37%; 6.65 ± 0.95 vs. 8.21 ± 0.53, p <0.05). Similar trends were observed in combinations containing 2.0 and 3.0 μM EPA. Conclusion: Adding DPA or DHA to EPA provide dose-dependent incremental antioxidant effects, with DPA providing a larger degree and a longer duration of inhibition. These observations highlight potential differences among O3FAs (and their combinations) in novel mechanisms of atheroprotection.

Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on intravascular lipolysis of very-low-density lipoproteins in humans

Metabolism ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1223-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidika E. Kasim-Karakas ◽  
Revital Herrmann ◽  
Rogelio Almario
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins

Nonenzymatic glycosylation of low density lipoproteins in vitro. Effects on cell-interactive properties

Diabetes ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 875-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gonen ◽  
J. Baenziger ◽  
G. Schonfeld ◽  
D. Jacobson ◽  
P. Farrar
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Nonenzymatic Glycosylation ◽  
In Vitro Effects

scholarly journals Selective modification of apoB-100 in the oxidation of low density lipoproteins by myeloperoxidase in vitro

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-yuh Yang ◽  
Zi-Wei Gu ◽  
Manlan Yang ◽  
Shen-Nan Lin ◽  
Anthony J. Garcia-Prats ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density

scholarly journals Catabolism of human very low density lipoproteins in vitro: a fluorescent phospholipid method for monitoring lipolysis.

1981 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-386
Author(s):  
M R Taskinen ◽  
J D Johnson ◽  
M L Kashyap ◽  
K Shirai ◽  
C J Glueck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins

scholarly journals Sirtuin 3 Restores Synthesis and Secretion of Very Low-Density Lipoproteins in Cow Hepatocytes Challenged with Nonesterified Fatty Acids In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Dongmei Xing ◽  
Baogen Wang ◽  
Hong Lu ◽  
Tao Peng ◽  
Jianming Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Sirtuin 3 ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Tag Accumulation

Fatty liver is closely associated with elevated concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and a low level of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) in blood of dairy cows. High NEFA inhibit the VLDL synthesis and assembly, and cause hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) deposition. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial deacetylase, antagonizes NEFA-induced TAG accumulation through modulating expressions of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation genes in cow hepatocytes. However, the role of SIRT3 in the VLDL synthesis and assembly was largely unknown. Here we aimed to test whether SIRT3 would recover the synthesis and assembly of VLDL in cow hepatocytes induced by high NEFA. Primary cow hepatocytes were isolated from 3 Holstein cows. Hepatocytes were infected with SIRT3 overexpression adenovirus (Ad-SIRT3), SIRT3-short interfering (si) RNA, or first infected with Ad-SIRT3 and then incubated with 1.0 mM NEFA (Ad-SIRT3 + NEFA). Expressions of key genes in VLDL synthesis and the VLDL contents in cell culture supernatants were measured. SIRT3 overexpression significantly increased the mRNA abundance of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) and ApoE (p < 0.01), and raised VLDL contents in the supernatants (p < 0.01). However, SIRT3 silencing displayed a reverse effect in comparison to SIRT3 overexpression. Compared with NEFA treatment alone, the Ad-SIRT3 + NEFA significantly upregulated the mRNA abundance of MTP, ApoB100 and ApoE (p < 0.01), and increased VLDL contents in the supernatants (p < 0.01). Our data demonstrated that SIRT3 restored the synthesis and assembly of VLDL in cow hepatocytes challenged with NEFA, providing an in vitro basis for further investigations testing its feasibility against hepatic TAG accumulation in dairy cows during the perinatal period.

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