Influence of Hepatitis B immunization to prevent vertical transmission of Hep-B virus in infants bam from Hep-B positive mother

Background Hepatitis B is one of the most common infectious diseases worldv.ide. Indonesia has moderate-high endemicity for hepatitis B infection. Perinatal transmission increases the risk for chronic hepatitis B. Infants from HBsAg-positive mothers should receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and vaccination within 12 hours of birth, but this practice is not routinely done in Indonesia due to financial constraints.Objectives To detennine the influence of Hep-B immunization on preventing Hepatitis B vertical transmission. Methods A descriptive cohort study was conducted from May 2009 - January 2010. Subjects were term infants born from HBsAg-positive mothers v.ith no history of HBIG administration. They had received complete hepatitis B immunization and 1 month after the last dose were evaluated for HBsAg and anti-HBs. Cord blood was also taken during labor to measure HBsAg.Results There were 22 infants born from HBsAg-positive mother who met the inclusion criteria. HBsAgwas positive in 6 of22 cord blood specimens. There were 15 infants who completed this study. One of 15 infants had positive HBsAg after completed hepatitis B immunization and 12 of 15 infants had protective level of anti-HBs. Effectiveness of hepatitis B immunization to prevent vertical transmission in this study was 70-90%.Conclusion Hepatitis B immunization can prevent vertical transmission of hepatitis B in infants born to mothers who are HBsAg-positive even without administration of HBIG.

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HBsAg in Cord Blood Qf Newborns of HBsAg-Positive Mothers

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi34.5-6.1994.125-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (5-6) ◽

pp. 125-8

Author(s):

Adnan S. Wiharta ◽

Evi Setiadi ◽

H. M. Sjaifullah Noer ◽

Triyatmo Rachimhadhi ◽

Asri Rasad

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Placental Tissue ◽

Intrauterine Infection ◽

Hepatitis B Infection ◽

Fetal Circulation ◽

Positive Hbsag ◽

Infancy And Early Childhood ◽

Pregnant Mothers

Vertical transmission of hepatitis B infection that may occur during pregnancy at delivery-, in infancy, and early childhood has an important role in the development of chronic hepatitis B. Intrauterine infection is suspected to occur when hepatitis B viruses cross the placenta into fetal circulation due to failure of placental tissue function. In Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 98 (6.4%) of 1536 pregnant mothers obseiVed during 3 years (1987 -1990) showed positive HBsAg. Six (8.3%) of 60 babies of born to HBsAg positive mothers showed positive HBsAg in their cord blood, but this disappeared after one month. All babies born to HBsAg positive mothers were vaccinated on months 0, 1, 2, and 12. HBsAg in cord blood might not play an important role in vertical transmission.

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A Serological Survey of Selected Papua New Guinea Blood Donors for Hepatitis B and Related Co-Infections

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.3390/tropicalmed5030108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 108

Author(s):

Francisca Varpit ◽

Bruce Gummow

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Papua New Guinea ◽

New Guinea ◽

Perinatal Transmission ◽

Health Campaigns ◽

Hbsag Prevalence ◽

Immunization Program ◽

Positive Hbsag ◽

B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious problem and earlier studies in Papua New Guinea have reported a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection. These studies were undertaken using insensitive tests and before an expanded immunization program. The current HBV status is therefore uncertain. A retrospective study to investigate the HBV status was carried out using blood donor data at Nonga General Hospital, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, from January 2003 to December 2018. Additional data for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, syphilis and hepatitis C virus were also collected. Data were analysed using NCSS statistical software. The mean hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) sero-prevalence was 21% for the period of study and showed a downward trend over the period of the study, which may reflect the effect of the extended immunization program. HBsAg prevalence in male donors (23%) was significantly higher than females (16%). Donors living in Pomio district had a significantly lower proportion of sero-positive HBsAg donors (7%) than Gazelle (22%), Kokopo (22%) and Rabaul (20%), which was attributed to this district’s geographical isolation. Ethnically, Pomios donors (8%) had significantly lower HBsAg prevalence than the Taulils, (29%), Bainings (21%) and Tolais (21%). Fifteen to nineteen year olds (23%) were the predominant age group affected, and vertical or perinatal transmission was probably the primary transmission route. Our findings call for greater awareness on the part of public policy makers and should be considered when planning future public health campaigns.

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Relationship between expression of HBV-infection markers in placenta and clinical data of mothers and their newborns

Journal Infectology ◽

10.22625/2072-6732-2021-13-2-95-101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 95-101

Author(s):

M. A. Belopolskaya ◽

V. E. Karev ◽

V. Yu. Avrutin ◽

A. V. Dmitriev ◽

D. A. Gusev

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Antiviral Treatment ◽

Undetectable Viral Load ◽

Hbv Infection

Vertical transmission of viral hepatitis B (HBV) is one of the main transmission ways in endemic regions. There is a relationship between structural changes in the placenta and the clinical course of HBV infection. The risk of vertical transmission of hepatitis B depends on the condition of the placenta.The goal of this work was to study the relationship between HBsAg and / or HBcorAg expression in placenta on the one hand, and clinical parameters of mothers and newborns on the other hand.The study included 19 patients with CHB who gave birth at the Botkins infectious disease hospital in 2019. The first group included patients with markers of HBV infection (HBsAg and / or HBcorAg) detectable via immunohistochemical examination in at least one of the layers of the placenta. In patients from the second group, no markers of HBV infection were detected in any layer of the placenta. Inflammatory changes in placenta were detected in all women from the first group and in 9 (64%) women from the second group. HBsAg in umbilical cord blood was detected in 3 (16%) newborns. In two patients, whose children had HBsAg in the umbilical cord blood, no markers of HBV infection were detected in placenta. In the first group, only one newborn had HBsAg in umbilical cord blood. In two patients receiving an antiviral treatment during pregnancy, markers of HBV infection were identified in the placenta. Markers of HBV infection in placenta were also detected in women with undetectable viral load.ConclusionsMarkers of HBV infection can be found in placenta at low maternal viral load.HBsAg in umbilical cord blood can be detected even in patients with no markers of HBV infection in placenta.Antiviral treatment during pregnancy does not prevent the possibility of placenta’s infection with HBV.

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The Role of the Patient-Centered Medical Home in Addressing Hepatitis B Perinatal Transmission: Charles B. Wang Community Health Center’s Hep B Moms Program

AAPI Nexus Policy Practice and Community ◽

10.17953/appc.12.1-2.u834q144071431h3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (1-2) ◽

pp. 140-160

Author(s):

Isha Weerasinghe ◽

Nicole Bannister ◽

Vivian Huang ◽

Chari Cohen ◽

Jeffrey Caballero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Community Health ◽

Medical Home ◽

Perinatal Transmission ◽

Patient Centered Medical Home ◽

Patient Centered ◽

Hep B

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Missed Opportunities for Prevention of Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis B: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ◽

10.1155/2014/549764 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 525-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Julie van Schalkwyk ◽

Melica Nourmoussavi ◽

Andrea Massey ◽

Reka Gustafson ◽

Elizabeth Brodkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Antiviral Treatment ◽

Perinatal Transmission ◽

Hbv Dna ◽

Missed Opportunities ◽

Positive Hbsag ◽

Hbv Prevalence ◽

Lost To Follow Up ◽

Hbv Transmission

BACKGROUND: Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) can occur despite postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). Recent literature suggests that antiviral treatment during pregnancy when maternal HBV DNA levels are elevated can further decrease vertical transmission. However, HBV DNA screening is not routinely performed antenatally.OBJECTIVE: To determine the rates of HBV prevalence and perinatal transmission in an antenatal cohort.METHODS: A retrospective review of public health records (December 2008 to December 2010) was performed for both mothers and newborns.RESULTS: A total of 725 mother-infant pairs were included. Of these, 574 of 715 (80%) women had antenatal hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) testing performed, and 127 of 574 (22%) were HBeAg positive (HBeAg+). Of babies born to hepatitis B surface antigen-positive (HBsAg+) mothers, only 573 of 725 (79%) received complete PEP. In addition, 172 of 725 (24%) infants did not receive post-PEP blood testing or were lost to follow-up. Of the 552 infants with results available, seven cases (1.3%) of mother-to-child HBV transmission were observed, six of which involved infants born to HBeAg+ women.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that routine HBeAg screening could identify a subset of mother-infant pairs among HBsAg+ pregnant women who are at higher risk for vertical HBV transmission. Determination of viral load in expectant HBeAg+ mothers may provide more precise insight into HBV transmission to their infants.

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Letter to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.72.2.267 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 267-267

Author(s):

Frank R. Sinatra ◽

Myron J. Tong

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Surface Antigen ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Positive Mother ◽

Letter To The Editor ◽

Hepatitis B Transmission ◽

Positive Carrier

We appreciate the comments of Sacher et al and share their view that the presence of anti-hepatitis Be in a hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mother does not prevent vertical transmission of either icteric or anicteric hepatitis B. Since publication of our paper1 we have identified two additional infants, born to HBeAg-positive and anti-HBe-positive carrier mothers, in whom evidence of hepatitis B transmission was identified. In one case, transient antigenemia was detected and was subsequently followed by the appearance of anti-HBe.

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THYROID FUNCTION IN THE PRETERM FETUS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.46.2.208 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 208-216

Author(s):

Delbert A. Fisher ◽

Calvin J. Hobel ◽

Romulo Garza ◽

Claire A. Pierce

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Premature Delivery ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Term Infants ◽

Mean Values ◽

Fetal Serum ◽

The Mean ◽

Blood Specimens ◽

Serum Tsh

Measurements of serum total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4), and/or immunoreactive thyrotropin (TSH) were conducted on 14 pairs of maternal and cord blood specimens obtained at the time of elective therapeutic abortion of 11- to 18-week pregnancies and on 21 paired maternal and fetal cord blood specimens collected at the time of spontaneous, premature delivery of 22- to 34-week pregnancies. T4 concentrations were elevated in all maternal samples to levels characteristic of pregnancy; mean values were similar at 11 to 18 and at 22 to 34 weeks and did not differ from the mean level reported previously at term. Mean maternal TSH concentrations also were similar at 11 to 18 weeks, 22 to 34 weeks, and at term. The mean FT4 concentration in maternal serum between 11 and 18 weeks was significantly higher than the level reported previously at term. Fetal serum T4 and FT4 concentrations were low between 11 and 18 weeks and increased progressively between 22 weeks and term. Fetal serum TSH concentrations were low between 11 and 18 weeks of pregnancy but seemed to increase abruptly between 18 and 22 weeks to levels characteristic of term infants. These data suggest that the maternal concentration of FT4 is higher early in pregnancy than at term, perhaps because of the higher blood levels of human chorionic thyrotropin in early pregnancy. They also indicate autonomous function of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary control system as early as 12 weeks' gestation. The abrupt increase in fetal serum TSH between 18 and 22 weeks suggests rapid maturation of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary unit during this period. The subsequent progressive increase in fetal FT4 concentration indicates an increasing thyroidal response to the TSH stimulus.

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