Children’s Line Drawings and Object Representation Strategies: Categorization of Children’s Mental Representation Strategies According to the Existing Theories for Object Recognition by Studying Line Drawings

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Object Representation ◽  
Line Drawings

Contrast Sensitivity in Human Visual Areas and Its Relationship to Object Recognition

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 3102-3116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galia Avidan ◽  
Michal Harel ◽  
Talma Hendler ◽  
Dafna Ben-Bashat ◽  
Ehud Zohary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Ventral Stream ◽  
High Order ◽  
Object Representations ◽  
Lateral Occipital Complex ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
The Face ◽  
Contrast Invariance

An important characteristic of visual perception is the fact that object recognition is largely immune to changes in viewing conditions. This invariance is obtained within a sequence of ventral stream visual areas beginning in area V1 and ending in high order occipito-temporal object areas (the lateral occipital complex, LOC). Here we studied whether this transformation could be observed in the contrast response of these areas. Subjects were presented with line drawings of common objects and faces in five different contrast levels (0, 4, 6, 10, and 100%). Our results show that indeed there was a gradual trend of increasing contrast invariance moving from area V1, which manifested high sensitivity to contrast changes, to the LOC, which showed a significantly higher degree of invariance at suprathreshold contrasts (from 10 to 100%). The trend toward increased invariance could be observed for both face and object images; however, it was more complete for the face images, while object images still manifested substantial sensitivity to contrast changes. Control experiments ruled out the involvement of attention effects or hemodynamic “ceiling” in producing the contrast invariance. The transition from V1 to LOC was gradual with areas along the ventral stream becoming increasingly contrast-invariant. These results further stress the hierarchical and gradual nature of the transition from early retinotopic areas to high order ones, in the build-up of abstract object representations.

3-D Object Recognition via Aspect Graph Aware 3-D Object Representation

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2359-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengjie Hu ◽  
Zhenzhong Wei ◽  
Mingwei Shao ◽  
Guangjun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Object Representation

Object Recognition under Sequential Viewing Conditions: Evidence for Viewpoint-Specific Recognition Procedures

Perception ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Lawson ◽  
Glyn W Humphreys ◽  
Derrick G Watson
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Object Knowledge ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Efficient Access ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
Depth Rotation ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Image Descriptions

In many computational approaches to vision it has been emphasised that object recognition involves the encoding of view-independent descriptions prior to matching to a stored object model, thus enabling objects to be identified across different retinal projections. In contrast, neurophysiological studies suggest that image descriptions are matched to less abstract, view-specific representations, resulting in more efficient access to stored object knowledge for objects presented from a view similar to a stored viewpoint. Evidence favouring a primary role for view-specific object descriptions in object recognition is reported. In a series of experiments employing line drawings of familiar objects, the effects of depth rotation upon the efficiency of object recognition were investigated. Subjects were required to identify an object from a sequence of very briefly presented pictures. The results suggested that object recognition is based upon the matching of image descriptions to view-specific stored representations, and that priming effects under sequential viewing conditions are strongly influenced by the visual similarity of different views of objects.

How do the Internal Details of the Object Contribute to Recognition?

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p3421 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1289-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidemichi Mitsumatsu ◽  
Kazuhiko Yokosawa
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Axis Orientation ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
The Difference

Object recognition becomes difficult when the main axis of the object is foreshortened. It has previously been reported that this so-called foreshortened disadvantage is larger when the silhouette of the object is presented than when the line drawing of the object is presented. The pronounced foreshortened disadvantage in silhouette recognition indicates that the internal details of the object, which are absent in the silhouette, provide useful information, particularly when the main axis is foreshortened. But the role of these internal details remains controversial. One account for the pronounced disadvantage is that the internal details contribute to the derivation of the main axis. The other account is that internal details provide the distinctive features that are directly matched to the object represented in memory. The aim in the present study was to determine which of these two explanations best accounts for the differential foreshortened disadvantage between line drawings and silhouettes. To reduce the uncertainty regarding the axis orientation, a 3-D arrow indicating the orientation of the main axis was presented as a cue before the object itself was presented. As a result, the difference in the foreshortened disadvantage between silhouettes and line drawings disappeared. This indicated that the pronounced foreshortened disadvantage for silhouettes was caused by a lack of axis information. In other words, the internal details provided the information necessary for axis derivation when the axis was foreshortened.

scholarly journals A language of thought for the mental representation of geometric shapes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Sablé-Meyer ◽  
Kevin Ellis ◽  
Joshua Tenenbaum ◽  
Stanislas Dehaene
Keyword(s):  
Programming Language ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Minimum Description Length ◽  
Language Of Thought ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Geometric Shapes ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Compositional Language ◽  
Produce Line ◽  
Geometric Primitives

Why do geometric shapes such as lines, circles, zig-zags or spirals appear in all human cultures, but are never produced by other animals? Here, we formalize and test the hypothesis that all humans possess a compositional language of thought that can produce line drawings as recursive combinations of a minimal set of geometric primitives. We present a programming language, similar to Logo, that combines discrete numbers and continuous integration in higher-level structures based on repetition, concatenation and embedding, and show that the simplest programs in this language generate the fundamental geometric shapes observed in human cultures. On the perceptual side, we propose that shape perception in humans involves searching for the shortest program that correctly draws the image (program induction). A consequence of this framework is that the mental difficulty of remembering a shape should depend on its minimum description length (MDL) in the proposed language. In two experiments, we show that encoding and processing of geometric shapes is well predicted by MDL. Furthermore, our hypotheses predict additive laws for the psychological complexity of repeated, concatenated or embedded shapes, which are experimentally validated.

scholarly journals Action and object representation in the ventral "what" stream

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Wurm ◽  
Alfonso Caramazza
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Action Recognition ◽  
Object Representation ◽  
Ventral Stream ◽  
Object Representations ◽  
Visual Stream ◽  
Ventral Visual Stream ◽  
Occipitotemporal Cortex ◽  
Object Features

The ventral visual stream is conceived as a pathway for object recognition. However, we also recognize the actions an object can be involved in. Here, we show that action recognition relies on a pathway in lateral occipitotemporal cortex, partially overlapping and topographically aligned with object representations that are precursors for action recognition. By contrast, object features that are more relevant for object recognition, such as color and texture, are restricted to medial areas of the ventral stream. We argue that the ventral stream bifurcates into lateral and medial pathways for action and object recognition, respectively. This account explains a number of observed phenomena, such as the duplication of object domains and the specific representational profiles in lateral and medial areas.

Visual Noise Consisting of X-Junctions Has Only a Minimal Effect on Object Recognition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshed Margalit ◽  
Sarah B. Herald ◽  
Emily X. Meschke ◽  
Isabel Irawan ◽  
Rafael Maarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Shape Features ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Human Object

In 1968 Guzman showed how the myriad of surfaces composing a highly complex and novel assemblage of volumes can be readily assigned to their appropriate volumes in terms of the constraints offered by the vertices of coterminating edges. Of particular importance was the L-vertex, produced by the cotermination of two contours, which provides strong evidence for the termination of a 2D surface. An X-junction, formed by the crossing of two contours without a change of direction at the crossing, played no role in the segmentation of the scene. If the potency of noise elements to affect recognition performance reflected their relevancy to the segmentation of scenes, as suggested by Guzman, X-junctions would be expected to have little or no effect on shape-based object recognition whereas L-junctions would be expected to have a strong deleterious effect when disrupting the smooth continuation of contours. Guzman’s roles for the various vertices and junctions have never been put to systematic test with respect to human object recognition. By adding identical noise contours to line drawings of objects that produced either L-vertices or X-junctions, these shape features could be compared with respect to their disruption of object recognition. Guzman’s insights that irrelevant L-vertices should be disruptive and irrelevant X-vertices would have minimal effect were confirmed.

An Experimental Comparison of Viewpoint-Specific and Viewpoint-Independent Models of Object Representation

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 792-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Johnston ◽  
Anthony Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Data Structures ◽  
Object Representation ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Cognitive Representation ◽  
Learning Paradigm ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Additional Processing ◽  
Sequential Matching

Four experiments that investigate the cognitive representation of objects in human observers are reported. Two broad classes of theory were examined: viewpoint-specific and viewpoint-independent models. The former postulate that the data structures underpinning object recognition correspond to discrete views and require additional processing to access them from unfamiliar viewpoints. The latter postulate data structures that are independent of any particular viewpoint and can be directly accessed from a wide range of viewpoints. Two experimental tasks were used: a sequential matching paradigm and a cognitive learning paradigm. Findings favour viewpoint-specific models over viewpoint-independent models.

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