Relationship between Inherent Cooking Rate and Warner-Bratzler Shear Force of Pork Chops Cooked to Two Degrees of Doneness

The objective was to test inherent cooking rate differences on tenderness values of boneless pork chops when exogenous factors known to influence cooking rate were controlled. Temperature and elapsed time were monitored during cooking for all chops. Cooking rate was calculated as the change in °C per minute of cooking time. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) was measured on chops cooked to either 63 °C or 71 °C. Slopes of regression lines and coefficients of determination between cooking rate and tenderness values for both degrees of doneness (DoD) were calculated. Shear force values decreased as cooking rate increased regardless of DoD (p ≤ 0.05), however changes in tenderness due to increased cooking rate were limited (β1 = −0.201 for 63 °C; β1 = −0.217 for 71 °C). Cooking rate only explained 3.2% and 5.4% of variability in WBSF of chops cooked to 63 °C and 71 °C, respectively. Cooking loss explained the most variability in WBSF regardless of DoD (partial R2 = 0.09–0.12). When all factors were considered, a stepwise regression model explained 20% of WBSF variability of chops cooked to 63 °C and was moderately predictive of WBSF (model R2 = 0.34) for chops cooked to 71 °C. Overall, cooking rate had minimal effect on pork chop tenderness.

Normative and Theoretical References of Post Penitentiary Probation in the Republic of Moldova

This article discusses the institution of post penitentiary probation from the perspective of penal-executional legislation of the Republic of Moldova and the relevant doctrine. Thus, it is mentioned that probation is considered to be an important stage in the context of the adjustment of national legislations to international standards aiming at setting up an intermediate area within the penalty system, re-evaluating the repressive concept to replace it with a curative model. In the conclusions, it is outlined that in order to solve the issue of resocialisation and full integration of the inmates/convicts in every single case, it is absolutely necessary to have a differential treatment, an individual-based approach by applying the most effective means and methods of work. However, the supervision will only have a minimal effect if not accompanied by the granting of social support. On the other hand, social support without any supervision has no effect either.

Enhancement Effect of Chitosan Coating on Inhibition of Deoxynivalenol Accumulation by Litsea cubeba Essential Oil Emulsion during Malting

The purpose of this work was to study the enhancement effect of chitosan coating on inhibition of deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation by Litsea cubeba essential oil emulsion during malting. Firstly, the primary emulsion suitable for malting process was screened and the improvement effect of chitosan coating on the properties of primary emulsion was studied. On this basis, chitosan-based Litsea cubeba essential oil emulsion was applied to malting processing. The results showed that the primary emulsion of Litsea cubeba essential oil had good antifungal properties and a minimal effect on the germinability of barley compared with other primary emulsions. The addition of chitosan can improve the physical stability and antifungal ability of the emulsion and reduce the effect of the emulsion on barley germination. When 100 g of chitosan-based Litsea cubeba essential oil emulsion (40 mg/g) was applied to the malting process, the germination rate of barley was 87.7% and the DON concentration of finished malt was reduced to 690 μg/kg, which was 20.9% lower than that of the control. Meanwhile, the other indexes of malt produced by secondary emulsion treatment (after adding chitosan) increased significantly compared with those of malt produced by primary emulsion. This study was of great significance for the application of emulsion to inhibit the accumulation of mycotoxin during malting.

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PRAYANAMA TO RELIEVE STRESS AMONG THE PEOPLE OF SELECTED AREAS OF AHMEDABAD

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of pranayama to relieve stress at selected areas. Methodology: study design: one group pre-test post–test research design1. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in selected areas of Ahmedabad. The rationale for selecting this group people are the familiarity with the setting, locality, availability of sample, feasibility of conducting the study, easy accessibility of the samples. Data was collected from /08/2021 to /08/2021. Sample: Purposive sampling technique was used to select 30 samples at selected areas of Ahmedabad. Perceived stress scale was used to assess this stress level among the people. Results: The result shows that there is no significant effect on stress after pranayama .This study therefore offers an encouraging. The result might be achieved if the duration to the practice pranayama can be increased. Conclusion: The study reveals that the effect of pranayama on the suffering with stress has minimal effect. A person with mild stress encompasses improvement in condition.

Methylome of skeletal muscle tissue in patients with hypertension and diabetes undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass

Background: Epigenomic changes occurring during surgery have been neglected in research; diabetes and hypertension can affect the epigenome but little is known about the epigenetics of skeletal muscle (SKM). Methods: DNA methylation was profiled via Illumina MethylationEPIC arrays in SKM samples obtained at the beginning and end of heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Results: Methylation in patients with hypertension and diabetes was significantly different, more so for uncontrolled diabetes; hypertension alone produced minimal effect. The affected pathways involved IL-1, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-α, IFNγ, VEGF, NF-κB and Wnt signaling, apoptosis and DNA damage response. Significant changes occurred during surgery and included loci in the Hippo–YAP/TAZ pathway. Conclusion: Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery affects the SKM methylome, and the combination of hypertension and diabetes induces changes in the SKM epigenome in contrast to hypertension alone.

Eliminating a Barrier to Access: Waiving or Reducing Fees for Public Records in Florida

Florida, the Sunshine State, is one of the few states that includes a right of access to public records in its constitution. While Florida guarantees a right of access to every person, special service charges and high costs for public records restrict access to only requestors with the financial resources to pay for requests. Some agencies assert that waiving fees for requests that have a public interest would be significantly costly. This article builds on research showing that a fee waiver for requests made in the public interest would have minimal effect on Florida municipalities. This article analyzes agency public records logs to assess how a fee waiver for requests made for noncommercial purposes and in the public interest would affect state agencies. This article finds that only 14% of requests reviewed would be entitled to a fee waiver.

Towards a simplified justification of the chosen sample size

Since the early work of Cohen (1962) psychological researchers have become aware of the importance of doing a power analysis to ensure that the predicted effect will be detectable with sufficient statistical power. APA guidelines require researchers to provide a justification of the chosen sample size with reference to the expected effect size; an expectation that should be based on previous research. However, we argue that a credible estimate of an expected effect size is only reasonable under two conditions: either the new study forms a direct replication of earlier work or the outcome scale makes use of meaningful and familiar units that allow for the quantification of a minimal effect of psychological interest. In practice neither of these conditions is usually met. We propose a different rationale for a power analysis that will ensure that researchers will be able to justify their sample size as meaningful and adequate.

Predictors of Deviant Behavior Justification among Muslims: Sociodemographic Factors, Subjective Well-Being, and Perceived Religiousness

Current evidence supports how deviant behavior can be predicted by sociodemographic factors, subjective well-being, and perceived religiousness. However, there is limited research when it concerns specificity such as Muslims justifying deviant behavior, and their subjective well-being and perceived religiousness within a single study. Most studies used Christian population or using a non-denominational approach. Therefore, in this study, data from World Value Survey Wave 6 was used to examine the Muslim population (N = 20,559) and deviant behavior justification. Sociodemographic factors, subjective well-being (life satisfaction, happiness, and state of health), and perceived religiousness (prayer frequency and importance of God in life) were hypothesized as predictors. Results revealed that these hypotheses are supported. However, many of these predictors are weak, having minimal effect. This is with the exception of having the worldview of God being important in one’s life, being both a strong and statistically significant predictor of deviant behavior justification. The more a person views God being important in life, the more it predicts a decrease in deviant behavior justification. This research provides a novel finding on the belief-behavior nexus, specifically concerning Muslims justifying deviant behavior when two forms of perceived religiousness—ritualistic and worldview—are being compared.

The Effect of Debt Ratio, Profit Ratio, Audit Opinion and Size on Audit Delay of SOE Companies that have go Public in 2016-2020

This study will look at how debt ratio, profit ratio, audit opinion, and size affect audit delay. Since 2016, this study has utilized quantitative methods to identify dependent factors. Sampling with intent. This study use multiple linear regression. The results indicate that size matters in state-owned companies, while debt ratios, profit ratios, and audit opinions have minimal effect.