scholarly journals Distinct Features of Brain-Resident Macrophages: Microglia and Non-Parenchymal Brain Macrophages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunju Lee ◽  
Jun-Cheol Eo ◽  
Changjun Lee ◽  
Je-Wook Yu
Keyword(s):  
Brain Macrophages ◽  
Distinct Features

THE CHANCELLERY OF CONTRACT AFFAIRS (TO THE HISTORY OF LEGISLATIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATION OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IN RUSSIA IN PETER THE GREAT’S TIME)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
D.A. REDIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Early History ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Administrative Regulation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Distinct Features

The purpose of the article is to research the history of creation and formation of the Chancellery of Contract Affairs – the first supervisory and regulatory body in the field of public procurement in Russia. The early history of the Contracting Chancellery (1715–1717) can be traced in the context of the development of legislative and administrative regulation of public procurement during the reign of Peter the Great. The institution of public procurement itself, according to the author, is associated with the acquisition of distinct features of the modern state by Russia, which was manifested in the previous time. The immediate impetus for the development of the institution was the reform of the armed forces and the resulting mobilization efforts of the supreme power. The very content of the research predetermined the use of source-based and historical-legal methods. As a result of the study, the author states that the creation of a special body – the Chancellery of Contract Affairs, designed to take control of the situation under state contracts, turned out to be the right decision. The well-coordinated work of the Contracting Chancellery with the Senate, fiscal authorities and investigative bodies led to the creation of a number of important regulatory legal acts, almost ‘from scratch’ forming the legislative basis for the institution of public procurement functioning. The need for further work on the designated topic is noted.

scholarly journals Optical-Based Biosensors and Their Portable Healthcare Devices for Detecting and Monitoring Biomarkers in Body Fluids

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1285
Author(s):  
Anh Tran Tam Pham ◽  
Angus Wallace ◽  
Xinyi Zhang ◽  
Damian Tohl ◽  
Hao Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Clinical Measurements ◽  
Distinct Features

The detection and monitoring of biomarkers in body fluids has been used to improve human healthcare activities for decades. In recent years, researchers have focused their attention on applying the point-of-care (POC) strategies into biomarker detection. The evolution of mobile technologies has allowed researchers to develop numerous portable medical devices that aim to deliver comparable results to clinical measurements. Among these, optical-based detection methods have been considered as one of the common and efficient ways to detect and monitor the presence of biomarkers in bodily fluids, and emerging aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with their distinct features are merging with portable medical devices. In this review, the detection methodologies that use optical measurements in the POC systems for the detection and monitoring of biomarkers in bodily fluids are compared, including colorimetry, fluorescence and chemiluminescence measurements. The current portable technologies, with or without the use of smartphones in device development, that are combined with optical biosensors for the detection and monitoring of biomarkers in body fluids, are also investigated. The review also discusses novel AIEgens used in the portable systems for the detection and monitoring of biomarkers in body fluid. Finally, the potential of future developments and the use of optical detection-based portable devices in healthcare activities are explored.

Citizenship participation in water management plans in the Doce River Basin, Brazil and Catalonia, Spain

Water Policy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desirée C. Rabelo ◽  
Josep Espluga ◽  
Edmilson C. Teixeira ◽  
Quim Brugué
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
New Governance ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Water Management Plans ◽  
Participation Mechanisms ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
Doce River

Despite the growing literature and empirical research on citizenship participation in the elaboration of water resources plans (WRP), little attention has been paid to the Terms of Reference (ToR) for such plans. Such a technical contract sets the targets, stages and activities to be met as part of the development of the WRP. Thus, any analysis of the participation impacts and results must follow the previously agreed terms but the ToR development may not, in itself, be participative. Examined herein are the ToR for the WRP of the Doce River Basin (Brazil) and the Catalonia Fluvial District (Spain), with focus on (i) proposals for democratising debates and decisions and (ii) the very process of ToR development. Historical and institutional aspects of both regions were analysed, which comprised participation mechanisms established by the corresponding national policies and recommended by the relevant international bodies. Despite the distinct features of the two regions, they both share the challenge of implementing a new governance model involving various stakeholders with the common goal of defining the water usage rights in a sustainable way. A comparative analysis of the two approaches revealed different approaches to tackle this challenge and highlighted advantages and disadvantages of each model.

scholarly journals A common set of distinct features that characterize noncoding RNAs across multiple species

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Hu ◽  
Chao Di ◽  
Mingxuan Kai ◽  
Yu-Cheng T. Yang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Distinct Features

scholarly journals Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Autobiographical Memories in Everyday Life

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Schönfeld ◽  
Anke Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Trauma Survivors ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
Ptsd Group

Evidence from self-reports and laboratory studies suggests that recall of nontrauma autobiographical memories may be disturbed in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but investigations in everyday life are sparse. This study investigated unintentional nontrauma and trauma memories in trauma survivors with and without PTSD ( N = 52), who kept an autobiographical memory diary for a week. We investigated whether unintentional nontrauma memories show an overgeneral memory bias and further memory abnormalities in people with PTSD, and whether unintentional trauma memories show distinct features. Compared to the no-PTSD group, the PTSD group recorded fewer nontrauma memories, which were more overgeneral, more often from before the trauma or related to the trauma, were perceived as distant, and led to greater dwelling. Trauma memories were more vivid, recurrent, and present and led to greater suppression and dwelling. Within the PTSD group, the same features distinguished trauma and nontrauma memories. Results are discussed regarding theories of autobiographical memory and PTSD.

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