scholarly journals Spinal spatial integration of nociception and its functional role assessed via the nociceptive withdrawal reflex and psychophysical measures in healthy humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Carlos Henrich ◽  
Ken Steffen Frahm ◽  
Ole Kæseler Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Healthy Humans

Tempo-spatial integration of nociceptive stimuli assessed via the nociceptive withdrawal reflex in healthy humans.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Carlos Henrich ◽  
Ken Steffen Frahm ◽  
Ole K. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Simultaneous Stimulation ◽  
Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Healthy Humans

Spatial information of nociceptive stimuli applied in the skin of healthy humans is integrated in the spinal cord to determine the appropriate withdrawal reflex response. Double-simultaneous stimulus applied in different skin sites are integrated, eliciting a larger reflex response. The temporal characteristics of the stimuli also modulate the reflex e.g. by temporal summation. The primary aim of this study was to investigate how the combined tempo-spatial aspects of two stimuli are integrated in the nociceptive system. This was investigated by delivering single and double simultaneous stimulation, and sequential stimulation with different inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs ranging 30-500 ms.) to the sole of the foot of fifteen healthy subjects. The primary outcome measure was the size of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) recorded from the Tibialis Anterior (TA) and Biceps Femoris (BF) muscles. Pain intensity was measured using an NRS scale. Results showed spatial summation in both TA and BF when delivering simultaneous stimulation. Simultaneous stimulation provoked larger reflexes than sequential stimulation in TA, but not in BF. Larger ISIs elicited significantly larger reflexes in TA, while the opposite pattern occurred in BF. This differential modulation between proximal and distal muscles suggests the presence of spinal circuits eliciting a functional reflex response based on the specific tempo-spatial characteristics of a noxious stimulus. No modulation was observed in pain intensity ratings across ISIs. Absence of modulation in the pain intensity ratings argues for an integrative mechanism located within the spinal cord governed by a need for efficient withdrawal from a potentially harmful stimulus.

Sensorimotor transformation in cat nociceptive withdrawal reflex system

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 4327-4332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Levinsson ◽  
Martin Garwicz ◽  
Jens Schouenborg
Keyword(s):  
Sensorimotor Transformation ◽  
Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Reflex System

Attention and distraction have no modulatory effect on the nociceptive withdrawal reflex

2007 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. e45
Author(s):  
E. Hennighasuen ◽  
V. Mylius ◽  
M. Kunz ◽  
K. Schepelmann
Keyword(s):  
Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Withdrawal Reflex

Quantitative assessment of nociceptive processes in conscious dogs by use of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex

2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 882-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Bergadano ◽  
Ole K. Andersen ◽  
Lars Arendt-Nielsen ◽  
Urs Schatzmann ◽  
Claudia Spadavecchia
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Withdrawal Reflex

Expansion of nociceptive withdrawal reflex receptive fields in spinal cord injured humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 2798-2810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole K. Andersen ◽  
Nanna B. Finnerup ◽  
Erika G. Spaich ◽  
Troels S. Jensen ◽  
Lars Arendt-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured

Long term reliability of nociceptive withdrawal reflex thresholds

2019 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Herm ◽  
Vera Silbereisen ◽  
Bernhard M. Graf ◽  
Christoph L. Lassen
Keyword(s):  
Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Withdrawal Reflex

scholarly journals Polymelia in a chimeric Simmental calf: nociceptive withdrawal reflex, anaesthetic and analgesic management, anatomic and genetic analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Morath-Huss ◽  
Cord Drögemüller ◽  
Michael Stoffel ◽  
Christina Precht ◽  
Patrik Zanolari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Withdrawal Reflex

scholarly journals Effect of Medetomidine, Dexmedetomidine, and Their Reversal with Atipamezole on the Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflex in Beagles

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Joëlle Siegenthaler ◽  
Tekla Pleyers ◽  
Mathieu Raillard ◽  
Claudia Spadavecchia ◽  
Olivier Louis Levionnois
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Antinociceptive Activity ◽  
Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Experimental Trial ◽  
Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Sedation Scores ◽  
First Session

The objectives were: (1) to compare the antinociceptive activity of dexmedetomidine and medetomidine, and (2) to investigate its modulation by atipamezole. This prospective, randomized, blinded experimental trial was carried out on eight beagles. During the first session, dogs received either medetomidine (MED) (0.02 mg kg−1 intravenously (IV)] or dexmedetomidine (DEX) [0.01 mg kg−1 IV), followed by either atipamezole (ATI) (0.1 mg kg−1) or an equivalent volume of saline (SAL) administered intramuscularly 45 min later. The opposite treatments were administered in a second session 10–14 days later. The nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) threshold was determined using a continuous tracking approach. Sedation was scored (0 to 21) every 10 min. Both drugs (MED and DEX) increased the NWR thresholds significantly up to 5.0 (3.7–5.9) and 4.4 (3.9–4.8) times the baseline (p = 0.547), at seven (3–11) and six (4–9) minutes (p = 0.938), respectively. Sedation scores were not different between MED and DEX during the first 45 min (15 (12–17), p = 0.67). Atipamezole antagonized sedation within 25 (15–25) minutes (p = 0.008) and antinociception within five (3–6) minutes (p = 0.008). Following atipamezole, additional analgesics may be needed to maintain pain relief.

Studies of the organization of the human nociceptive withdrawal reflex.

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (s654) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. K. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Nociceptive Withdrawal Reflex ◽  
Withdrawal Reflex
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