Impact of the Front-of-Pack Label Nutri-Score on the Nutritional Quality of Food Choices in a Quasi-Experimental Trial in Catering

The front-of-pack labelling Nutri-Score has recently been implemented as a policy measure to improve the healthiness of food choices. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the Nutri-Score label in catering. A quasi-experimental trial was conducted in France between 16 December 2019 and 13 March 2020 in two staff restaurants (one intervention and one control site) from the same company. After a control period of seven weeks, the Nutri-Score label was affixed on all proposed products in the intervention site. Overall effects of the intervention were investigated using a difference in difference approach with generalised linear models. Over the 13 weeks of the study, 2063 participants who frequented the restaurant cafeteria at least once were included (1268 and 795 in the intervention and control site, respectively), representing 36,114 meals. Overall, the intervention led to a significant improvement in the nutritional quality of meals (p = 0.008) and a significant reduction in the intake of calories, sugars and saturated fat (p < 0.0001). Mixed effects models showed a qualitative improvement of food choices initially, and an adaptation of the quantities consumed over time, suggesting for the first time longer-term effects of the label on dietary behaviour.

Assessment of the Effects of NPK on Flowering Characters of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) cv. Big Time Supreme

Aim: Gladiolus the most important cut flower crop and as it has great demand in national and international flower market it is worthwhile to apply the experimental trial on it, in respect to estimate the flowering characters of Gladiolus. Place and duration of Study: The field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Farm-I, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, (U.P), India. During the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 rabi seasons. Results: Replicated thrice having twenty three treatments in each replication. The minimum days taken to emergence of spike (102.21 and 101.04 days), The maximum number of spikes per plant (1.29 and 1.30), The minimum days to first floret opening (109.25 and 110.25 days), The maximum duration of flowering (15.55 and 15.85 days), The highest length of spike (87.35 and 88.05 cm), The highest number of florets per spike (15.12 and 16.13), The maximum diameter of floret (9.25 and 9.42 cm) and The maximum length of floret (9.85 and 9.92 cm) with the application of N 20g + P 15g + K 15g (T16). Moreover, the treatment T16 showed the best results on flowering characters of gladiolus. Appeared as the best practice for better flowering and therefore it may be recommended to boost up flower production and quality of gladiolus.

Effectiveness of Ponseti Versus Kite Method for the Management of Club Foot- A Quasi Experimental Trial

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of ponseti versus kite method for the management of club foot among children. Methods: A quasi experimental trial was conducted to determine the most effective conservative method for managing idiopathic club foot. This study was carried out in District Head Quarter Hospital, Layyah. A total of 46 children (60 Feet) aged less than six months of both genders were included in this study using convenience sampling technique. The study sample was divided into Group A (Ponseti) and Group B (Kite). Each treatment group comprises of 30 feet. Patients were called for weekly follow up till ten weeks consecutively. At every follow-up visit, patients were assessed to check the improvement of deformity with the help of the Pirani scoring system for the foot. Pirani score difference was measured in both treatment groups from the baseline until the last follow-up interval until the 10th Week. Pirani score difference was measured in both treatment groups from the baseline until the last follow-up interval until the 10th Week. A greater negative value signified better correction. SPSS 23 was used for data entry and analysis. Results: Children's mean age in both treatment groups (A and B) was 10.83±4.59 and 10.20±4.75 weeks. At presentation mean Pirani score in both treatment groups (A and B) was 5.85±0.67 and 5.86±0.45, respectively, while at 10th follow up it was 1.42±0.39 and 2.35±0.54 for group A and group B, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the Ponseti technique significantly improved the management of club foot as that of the Kites method. Ponseti's method is more effective in terms of rapid improvement in the involved group. Key words: Non operative Management, Idiopathic Club foot, Kites method, Ponseti method.

The Result of the study on feeding young pigs with zeolite mixed feed

In our research experimental trial we have fed the selected 40 head of Landrace piglets, of 3 months old by concentrated mixed feed enreched with 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 percent of zeolite during 60 days. For the case of the trials when used concentrated feed without zeolite the feed consumption per 1 kg weight gain was 4.7 kg (P <0.05). When experimented piglets are fed by concentrated mixed feed contained zeolite at 4 and 6 percent, the feed consumption was 4.3 kg of feed, which is the lowest feed consumption. The daily weight gain of the experimental groups was 221–270 g, and there was no significant difference between them. The addition of zeolite by 6.0% to the experimental pig feed ration resulted in a decrease in daily weight gain and slaughter yield. However, the inclusion of zeolite in the ration at 4.0% fully satisfies the daily mineral requirements, making it suitable for young pigs. Цеолитоор баяжуулсан багсармал тэжээлээр өсвөр гахайг тэжээсэн судалгааны үр дүнгээс Landrace үүлдрийн 3 сарын настай 40 толгой өсвөр гахайны бүрэн найрлагат багсармал тэжээлийн жорд цеолитыг 2.0 %, 4.0%, ба 6.0 % баяжуусан 45 хоногийн хугацаанд тэжээлийн туршилт явуулсан. Цеолит оролцуулаагүй жороор 1 кг мах нэмэгдүүлэхэд 4.7 кг тэжээлийг зарцуулсан (P <0.05). Цеолитыг жорд 2.0%-р оролцуулахад 4.5 кг, 4.0% ба 6.0%-н цеолитыг оролцуулахад 4.3 кг багсармал тэжээл зарцуулж байгаа нь хамгийн бага тэжээл зарцуулж байв. Туршилтын бүлгүүдийн хоногийн нэмэгдэл жин нь 221-270 гр байсан ба энэ нь хооронд мэдэгдэхүйц ялгаатай биш байв. Туршилтын гахайны тэжээлийн жорд цеолит 6.0%-р нэмснээр хоногийн нэмэгдэл жин болон нядлагын гарц буурах зүй тогтол ажиглагдаж байв. Харин жорд цеолитыг 4.0%-аар оролцуулахад хоногт шаардагдах эрдэс бодис шимт чанарыг бүрэн хангаж байгаа нь уг тэжээлийг өсвөр гахайд өгөх нь тохиромжтой байв. Түлхүүр үг: Хоногийн нэмэгдэл жин, нядлагын гарч, цеолит

Violations of locality and free choice are equivalent resources in Bell experiments

Bell inequalities rest on three fundamental assumptions: realism, locality, and free choice, which lead to nontrivial constraints on correlations in very simple experiments. If we retain realism, then violation of the inequalities implies that at least one of the remaining two assumptions must fail, which can have profound consequences for the causal explanation of the experiment. We investigate the extent to which a given assumption needs to be relaxed for the other to hold at all costs, based on the observation that a violation need not occur on every experimental trial, even when describing correlations violating Bell inequalities. How often this needs to be the case determines the degree of, respectively, locality or free choice in the observed experimental behavior. Despite their disparate character, we show that both assumptions are equally costly. Namely, the resources required to explain the experimental statistics (measured by the frequency of causal interventions of either sort) are exactly the same. Furthermore, we compute such defined measures of locality and free choice for any nonsignaling statistics in a Bell experiment with binary settings, showing that it is directly related to the amount of violation of the so-called Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt inequalities. This result is theory independent as it refers directly to the experimental statistics. Additionally, we show how the local fraction results for quantum-mechanical frameworks with infinite number of settings translate into analogous statements for the measure of free choice we introduce. Thus, concerning statistics, causal explanations resorting to either locality or free choice violations are fully interchangeable.